Energy

• What is energy measured in?

  Joules
• Why do we need energy?

  To be able to move and perform functions
• What is one reason we need energy for respiration?

  For active transport against concentration gradients
• What is metabolism?

  The chemical reactions inside a cell
• What are the two divisions of metabolism?

  Anabolism and catabolism
• What is anabolism?

  Building complex molecules from simple substances
• What is catabolism?

  Breaking down molecules and releasing energy
• What does the basic metabolic rate measure?

  Calories needed for basic bodily functions
• What is chemical energy?

  Energy stored in bonds that join atoms
• What happens when bonds are formed?

  Energy is absorbed
• What happens when bonds are broken?

  Energy is released
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

  Aerobic Respiration:

  • Produces more energy
  • Happens in mitochondria
  • Uses oxygen
  • Produces CO₂ and water
  • Complete breakdown of glucose

  
  

  Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Less energy is released
  • Happens without oxygen
  • Occurs in cytoplasm
  • Produces lactic acid
  • Incomplete breakdown of glucose
• What is oxygen debt?

  Lactic acid buildup during anaerobic respiration
• Where is lactic acid broken down?


  In the liver
• How is lactic acid transported for breakdown?

  By the blood to the liver
• What is required to break down lactic acid?

  Oxygen
• What does heavy breathing after exercise indicate?

  Extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• What follows heavy breathing after exercise?

  Panting to resume aerobic respiration
• What is one reason we need energy for respiration?

  For active transport against concentration
• What does the basic metabolic rate measure?

  Calories needed for basic body functions
• What is chemical energy?

  Energy stored in bonds that join atoms