Family influences

• AO1

  • Perceived parental approval, parents show positive attitudes towards a particular addictive substance/behaviour, more vulnerable to addiction
  • Livingstone et al found that final high school who were allowed to drink alcohol at home were significantly more likely to drink excessively at college(uni)
  • Parents who have little interest in monitoring behaviour, significantly more likely to develop an addiction

  • Exposure can lead to the social learning theory, observe a family member (Role model) and imitate their behaviour as they identify with them.
• AO3

  Research to support from Madras et al (2019). She studied families, with adolescents, where the parents used cannabis. found a strong positive correlation between the parent’s use of cannabis and the adolescents use of cannabis, nicotine, alcohol and opioids. This may show that the adolescents perceived that the parents were accepting of drug use so went on to use drugs themselves.