working memory model

• Baddeley and Hitch


  Psychologists who explored how memory works and developed the working memory model.
• Memory Models


  Representations of how mental processes work in relation to memory.
• Multi-store model


  A model proposing that short-term memory is a single store, later found to be too simple.
• Working Memory Model

  Explores short-term memory as not only storing but also processing information.
• Short-term Memory


  Also known as working memory, used for complex tasks and storing information as we go along.
• Limited Capacity


  The constraint on how much information short-term memory can hold before becoming overloaded.
• Phonological Loop


  Component of working memory responsible for processing sound-based information.
• Articulatory Control Process


  Sub-component of the phonological loop that rehearses verbal sounds.
• Phonological Store


  Sub-component of the phonological loop that receives and stores sounds, focusing on speech perception.
• Visual Spatial Sketch Pad

  Component of working memory responsible for visual and spatial information.
• Inner Eye


  Nickname for the visual spatial sketch pad, responsible for visualizing objects and spatial relationships.
• Dual Coding


  Creating a diagram or image to capture main ideas and features for better understanding.
• Central Executive


  Controls the phonological loop and the visual spatial sketch pad, managing attention and working memory resources.
• Episodic Buffer


  Integrates information from all components of working memory and long-term memory, temporarily holding and manipulating data.
• Visuo Spatial Sketchpad

  Processes and stores visual and spatial information, allowing the inner eye to visualize and manipulate images.
• Long-term Memory

  Holds a vast amount of information for a long period, potentially integrating with the episodic buffer for working memory tasks.
• Integration of Sound and Visual Information

  The addition of the episodic buffer to the working memory model to explain how long-term memories and sound/visual information are brought into working memory.
• Limited Working Memory Overload


  Occurs when working memory is overwhelmed with information, leading the central executive to prioritize tasks and allocate resources.
• Selective Attention


  The central executive's decision on what to pay attention to and what to ignore, crucial in managing working memory resources.
• Temporary Storage and Integration


  Function of the episodic buffer, holding and integrating information from all components of working memory and long-term memory.
• Inner Voice


  Part of the phonological loop, used for rehearsal and manipulation of verbal information in working memory tasks.
• Inner Ear


  Part of the phonological loop, used to store and recall verbal information in working memory tasks.
• Resource Allocation

  The central executive's management of resources for both visual and verbal tasks, including attention and working memory capacity.
• Long-term Memory Integration

  The episodic buffer's function of integrating information from long-term memory with working memory for temporary use.
• Working Memory Overload Example


  Scenario of enjoying a book while someone turns on the TV, illustrating the central executive's decision-making in allocating attention.
• Episodic Buffer Function


  Temporary storage and manipulation of information from long-term memory and all working memory components for use in short-term memory tasks.
• Verbal and Visual Short-term Memory Processing


  The episodic buffer's ability to store and process both verbal and visual short-term memories, integrating information for use in working memory tasks.
• Selective Attention Example


  Illustration of the central executive's decision on what to pay attention to, such as focusing on a book scene despite distractions.
• Long-term Memory Recall


  The episodic buffer's function of recalling information from long-term memory for temporary use in working memory tasks.