Part 1

• KTG

  Gases are made up of molecules with lots of empty space between

  Particles move quickly - pressure is caused by this motion

  Collisions are completely elastic

  There are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules

  KE = 1/2mv2
• What are the properties of gases resulting from the KTG? Expansion, fluidity, low density, high compressibility, diffusion, effusion
• What is expansion in gases? Gases have no def shape or volume, so they're just expanding
• What is fluidity in gases? Particles glide past each other
• What is low density in gases? Gases are roughly 1/100th the density of solids and liquids
• What is diffusion in gases? Spontaneous mixing of 2 substances due to random molecular motion
• What is effusion in gases? A gas spreads through a small opening between containers
• When do gases behave ideally? At low pressures and high temperatures
• Gases have quantitative and qualittative relationships.
• P pressure
• T temperature
• V volume
• n moles
• Combined gas law Describes the mathematical relationships between P, T, & V
• What is the formula for Boyle's law? PoVo = PnVn
• As n ↑ (what happens to volume) V ↑
• As ↑n (what happens to pressure) ↑ P
• As ↑ T (what happens to pressure) ↑ P
• As ↑ T (what happens to volume) ↑ V
• As ↑ P (what happens to volume) V ↓
• STP Standard temperature and pressure
• Standard values for pressure 1 atm, 760 mm of Hg, 760 torr, 101.3 kPa
• What is the standard temperature value for C˚? 0
• What is the standard temperature value for K˚? 273 K
• How do you convert from K to C? K = 273 + C
• What is the standard volume at STP? 22.4 L
• 1 mL = 1 cm3
• 1000 mL = 1 L
• 1 L = 1 dm3
• Boyle's Law (1662) The volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure at constant temperature
• As the applied/outside pressure increases, the volume decreases.
• What is Charles' law? The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with temperature at constant pressure
• What is the formula for Charles' law? TnVo = ToVn
• Under Charles' law, as the temperature increases, the volume increases.
• What is Gay-Lussac's law? The pressure of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with temperature at constant volume
• What is the formula for Gay-Lussac's law? PoTn = PnTo
• In GL's law, as the temperature increases, the pressure increases.
• What is the combined gas law? PoTnVo = PnToVn
• What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures? The total pressure of a collection of gases in a mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas would exert by itself in the same volume
• What is the formula for Dalton's law? PT = P1 + P2