[2] Appendicular Musculature

• Embryonic Origin:

  1. Fish -> Ventral tips of myotomes
  2. Amniotes -> Mesenchyme cells shed from ventral tips of somites
• Set of muscles run from thorax to shoulder

  Muscular sling
• Contributors to pectoral girdle and forelimb (BADV):

  1. Branchiomeric muscles
  2. Axial musculature
  3. Dorsal muscles
  4. Ventral muscles
• Contributions to pelvic girdle and hindlimb:

  1. Dorsal
  2. Ventral
• Branchiomeric muscles (forelimb):

  1. Trapezius
  2. Mastoid
• Axial musculature (forelimb) - LRSD

  1. Levator scapulae
  2. Rhomboideus complex
  3. Serratus
  4. Derivatives
• Dorsal muscles (forelimb - LTTSDT)

  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Deltoideus
  • Triceps
• Ventral muscles (4PXCB) forelimb:

  • Pectoralis
  • Pectoantebrachialis
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Xiphihumeralis
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii
• Dorsal muscles (PQST) - Hindlimb

  • Puboischiofemoralis internus (& derivatives)
  • Quadriceps
  • Sartorius
  • Tibialis anterior
• Ventral muscles hindlimb (PAHP)

  • Puboischiofemoralis externus (& derivatives)
  • Adductor femoris
  • Hamstrings
  • Puboischiotibialis (& homologues)
• Contributions to muscular sling:

  1. Axial
  2. Branchial
  3. Forelimb