Relationships + processes

• Mac an Ghaill (male subcultures) :

  • Macho lads
  • Academic achievers
  • New enterprisers
  • Real englishmen
  • Gay students
• Gillborn + Youdell (teacher - pupil relationships) :

  • Teachers discriminate against working class pupils
  • Pupils respond = hostility
  • Which impacts on own achievement
• Griffin (female subcultures) :

  • In workplace = female friendship groups formed rather than anti-authority groups
  • Defined by their sexual behaviour
  • Female subcultures = not focused on work
  • Focus = sexual behaviour + views of marriage
• Hargreaves :

  • All subcultures give members status
  • Anti-school subcultures = low achievement
  • Pro-school = high achievement
• Mac an Ghaill :

  • Remasculisation of vocational curriculum
  • Higher status subjects = dominated by men
  • Eg - business, tech + computing
  • Lower status = women
  • Eg - retail
• Ireson et al :

  • Grouping based on behaviour not attainment
  • To control pupils
  • Benefit people in top jobs
• Hidden curriculum examples :

  • Wearing uniform = creates identity
  • Sets + levels based on age + ability
• Hidden curriculum views:

  • Functionalists : value it
  • Eg - idea of competition + cooperation
  • Marxists + Feminists :
  • Critical
  • Reinforces gender roles + ruling class dominance