Kelly vid

• What is the term for the area between high watermark and low watermark?

  Intertidal zone
• What does the term 'backshore' refer to?

  Area between high watermark and landward limit
• What is the offshore area defined as?

  Point beyond where waves cease to impact
• How should the coast be viewed according to the video?

  As a system with flows and stores
• What are the four sources of inputs in the coastal environment?

  Wind, waves, sea currents, tides
• What happens to waves as they approach the beach?

  They slow down due to seabed friction
• What is the shape of the wave's movement described?

  Elliptical orbit, like a squashed circle
• What are constructive waves characterized by?

  Low wave height, low frequency, strong swash
• How do destructive waves differ from constructive waves?

  Higher wave height, higher frequency, powerful backwash
• What does wave refraction mean?

  Waves bending towards shallower water
• What happens to wave energy at headlands and bays?

  High energy at headlands, low energy in bays
• What is longshore drift?

  Transportation of sediment along the beach
• What are rip currents?

  Strong currents moving away from the shoreline
• How is a tide defined?

  Periodic rise and fall of sea level
• What is a spring tide?

  Tide just after new or full moon
• What is a neap tide?

  Tide just after first or third quarter
• What does tidal range refer to?

  Difference between high and low tide
• What does 'macro' mean in coastal terminology?

  Large scale
• What does 'micro' mean in coastal terminology?

  Extremely small scale
• What characterizes a high energy coastline?

  High wave energy and greater erosion
• What characterizes a low energy coastline?

  Lower wave energy and greater deposition
• What are the marine processes in coastal landscapes?

  • Erosion
  • Transportation
  • Deposition
• What are the sub-aerial processes in coastal landscapes?

  • Weathering
  • Mass movement
• What landforms result from coastal processes?

  Caves, arches, stacks, stumps
• What is a simple spit?

  A spit going out parallel to the coast
• What is a compound spit?

  A spit with a hooked or curved feature
• What is a bar in coastal geography?

  Ridge of sand joining headlands
• What are mud flats?

  Edges of permanently submerged marine zone
• What is required for salt marshes to develop?

  Sheltered shoreline, river estuary, fine sediment
• What is eustatic change?

  Change caused by volume of water in the sea
• What is isostatic change?

  Change caused by vertical movements of land
• What can cause eustatic change?

  Climate change affecting ice sheets and precipitation
• What can cause isostatic change?

  Downward movement of land or tectonic uplift
• What is a submergent coastline?

  Coast inundated by rising sea levels
• What is an emergent coastline?

  Coast exposed due to falling sea levels
• What is a ria?

  Drowned river valley formed by submergence
• What is a raised beach?

  Area of sand or shingle above current sea level
• What are marine platforms?

  Wave cut platforms raised above sea level
• What are relic cliffs?

  Cliffs above beaches no longer eroded by sea
• What are the aims of coastal management?

  • Defense against flooding
  • Protection against coastal erosion
  • Stabilization of affected beaches