3i's

• CHAPTER 1

  1. Background of the study
  2. Statement of the problem (SOP)
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
  5. Significance of the study
  6. Scope and limitation of the study
  7. Definition of terms
• Research Problem is the issue or problem.
• Contents of the background of the study

  1. Presentation of the problem
  2. Historical background of the problem
  3. Geographical conditions of the study locale
  4. Rationale of the study
• Statement of the problem is a series of questions
• The general statement of the problem or the purpose statement.
• The specific sub-problems or sub-questions or research questions.
• Guidelines

  • The general statement of the problem and the research questions should formulated first before conducting the research.
• Guidelines

  • Research questions should be stated in interrogative and e each should be clear to avoid confusion.
• Guidelines

  • Each research question should be researchable separately from other questions.
• Hypothesis

  • A prediction or educated guess.
• Null hypothesis

  • Negative, no significant relationship.
• Alternative hypothesis

  • Positive, there is a significant relationship.
• Conceptual & Theoretical Framework

  • These are the perspectives, point of views, models, .
• Theoretical Framework

  • Application of theories
• Conceptual Framework

  • Uses concepts from theories
• Input, process, output
• Significance of the study

  • Explains the relevance and contribution to the field.
• Scope and limitations

  • Extent and focus of the research.
• Scope

  • Specific topic and coverage
• Limitations

  • Parameters of the research
• Definitions of terms

  • Defines the terms used in the study
• REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  • Written summary of published research and studies.

  1. Local literature
  2. Foreign literature

  • Related studies

  1. Local studies
  2. Foreign studies
• CITATION

  • Reference to a source used in your research
  • To give credit to the author
• SOURCES OF INFORMATION

  1. Periodicals
  2. Dissertation and thesis
  3. Scholarly journals
  4. Government documents
  5. Books
  6. Public reports and conference papers
• PEER-REVIEWED

  • Read, evaluated, and approved for publication by scholars with expertise
  • Articles provided