predicted paper questions

• name a cell structure that is found in the sperm cell but not in the cheek cell:

  • tail
  • flagellum
• define the term specialised cell:

  • a cell that is differentiated to perform a specific function
• explain why the sperm cell contains more mitochondria than the cheek cell:

  • sperm cell needs more energy released from aerobic respiration in the mitochondria
  • to be able to swim to the egg to fertilise it
• state the number of chromosomes in the sperm cell nucleus and give a reason for this difference:

  • the sperm cell is a haploid cell meaning it has 23 chromosomes
  • so when the sperm cell fertilises the egg it fuses together to have 46 chromosomes
• describe the function of protease enzymes:

  • protease enzymes break down protein
  • into amino acids
• roots, stem, leaves and flowers together make up an organism

  palisade cells in a leaf are tissues

  leaves are organs
• active transport goes against the concentration gradient
• explain why the concentration of oxygen in or around the root hair cells can determine the rate of uptake of mineral ions:

  • active transport requires energy to move molecules against the concentration gradient
  • this energy is released by respiration which requires oxygen
  • higher concentration of oxygen means more energy released
• describe how a student used the microscope to make this image clear when using a high power objective lens:

  • you would adjust the fine focus until you get a clear image
• I = AM

  image = actual size X magnification
• compare the ways plant and animal cells store and use glucose:

  • plant and animal cells use glucose for respiration to release energy
  • plant cells use glucose to:
  • combine with nitrates to make amino acids
  • store glucose as lipids in seeds
  • make cellulose to make up the cell walls
  • store as starch
  • animal cells use glucose
  • to store as glycogen
• double circulatory system:

  • the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
  • the left side of the heart pumps blood to the body
• the type of pathogen that causes malaria:

  • protists
• fungi can spread by water
• explain how the mosquito can spread malaria:

  • mosquitos are vectors
  • transfers parasite to blood when it bites
• describe how malarial parasites can become resistant to the antimalarial drugs:

  • due to mutations, some pathogens survive
  • therefore they reproduce and their offspring will also have the mutation so they survive
• explain why exposure to UV light can increase the risk of getting cancer:

  • it is a type of ionising radiation