Developmental

• What is Freud's psychosexual theory of development called?

  Psychosexual
• Freud believed that development is driven by biological maturation and occurs in fixed stages.
• According to Freud, at all ages, we are motivated by sexual pleasure
• Why are Freud's ideas about development called "psychosexual"?

  Sexual motivation
• The psychosexual stages are essential for the Edexcel Specification and must be revised.

  False
• Arrange Freud's psychosexual stages in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Oral Stage

  2️⃣ Anal Stage

  3️⃣ Phallic Stage

  4️⃣ Latency Stage

  5️⃣ Genital Stage
• What is the focus of sexual pleasure in the Oral Stage?

  Mouth
• Oral fixation can lead to compulsions such as smoking or nail biting
• What is the primary focus of the Anal Stage?

  Potty training
• Anally fixated individuals may become obsessively tidy or compulsively messy.
• The Oedipus Complex occurs during the Phallic stage.
• What is the defining moment in childhood development according to Freud?

  Oedipus Complex
• What is the focus of the Latency Stage?

  Games and hobbies
• During the Latency Stage, children lose interest in their bodies and sexual pleasure.
• What is the focus of the Genital Stage?

  Mature sexual interest
• Freud's followers like Otto Rank argued that the trauma of birth creates anxiety.
• Modern psychology supports the idea of birth trauma as a significant factor in development.

  False
• Which hemisphere of the newborn's brain is fully active according to Freud?

  Right hemisphere
• The development of language in children is associated with the left hemisphere.
• What is the primary focus of the Ego according to Freud?

  Reality
• Freud's argument that the anus is a source of sexual pleasure for children is unproven.
• What happens if a child becomes fixated in one of Freud's psychosexual stages?

  Stuck with behaviors
• Children in the Phallic Stage may develop social skills and express shame or anxiety.
• Freud believed that children in the Phallic Stage experience sexual pleasure from touching their genitals.
• What do children in the Phallic Stage fear during the Oedipus Complex?

  Same-sex parent
• Resolution of the Oedipus Complex leads to identification with the same-sex parent.
• Children who don't resolve the Oedipus Complex successfully may develop exaggerated gender roles.
• What are defense mechanisms used for according to Freud?

  Reduce anxiety
• The Latency Stage is a period of focus on school, hobbies, and other interests.
• During the Latency Stage, unconscious fixations from earlier stages are still developing.
• What is the final stage of psychosexual development according to Freud?

  Genital Stage
• Adolescents in the Genital Stage rediscover their bodies and sexual pleasure.
• What happens to personality after the Genital Stage according to Freud?

  No further changes
• Erik Erikson proposed that humans go through more stages of development than Freud identified.
• Erikson agreed with Freud that each stage of development involves a crisis that must be resolved.
• What is the crisis adolescents face according to Erikson?

  Devotion and fidelity
• Young adults face a crisis over affiliation and love.
• Why was Freud's idea that children develop through sexual stages controversial?

  Sexual emphasis
• Match the stage with its focus:

  Oral Stage ↔️ Mouth

  Anal Stage ↔️ Potty training

  Phallic Stage ↔️ Oedipus Complex

  Latency Stage ↔️ Hobbies and games

  Genital Stage ↔️ Mature sexual interest
• Freud's theories were based on empirical evidence and objective measurements.

  False