Transpiration and stomata

• What is the process by which plants transport sugars?

  Translocation
• How do plants make their own sugars?

  Through photosynthesis in the leaves
• What are Flo cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars in plants
• What are the long columns formed by Flo cells called?

  FL tubes
• What do the small pores between Flo cells allow for?

  Movement of celsa, a liquid mixture
• What can sugars transported to other cells be used for?

  Energy or storage for later use
• In which directions can the Flo tubes transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells with no ends
• What is the role of xylem tubes?

  Transporting water and mineral ions
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignan
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from the leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, air flow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• What happens to transpiration at night?

  It decreases due to closed stomata
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperatures increase evaporation rates
• Why does high air flow increase transpiration?

  It maintains a high concentration gradient
• How does humidity affect transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases the concentration gradient
• What happens to transpiration in humid air?

  It decreases due to lower concentration gradients
• What are the main components of plant mass transport systems?

  • Translocation: transport of sugars
  • Transpiration: transport of water
  • Flo tubes: transport sugars
  • Xylem tubes: transport water and minerals
• What are the effects of environmental factors on transpiration rates?

  • Light intensity: higher light increases transpiration
  • Temperature: warmer conditions increase evaporation
  • Air flow: high flow maintains concentration gradient
  • Humidity: high humidity decreases transpiration rate
• How does water movement through a plant occur?

  1. Water evaporates from leaves (transpiration)
  2. Evaporation creates a pull on water chain
  3. Water is drawn up from roots through xylem
  4. Continuous flow maintains water supply for photosynthesis