Week 2

• Temperament

  The fundamental groundwork of character, generally presumed to be biologically determined and existent early in life, inclusive of traits like emotional reactiveness, energy level, reaction tempo, and motivation to explore
• Four Types of Temperament

  • Melancholic - sad, gloomy
  • Choleric - hot-tempered, irritable
  • Phlegmatic - sluggish, calm
  • Sanguine - cheerful, hopeful
• Erik Erikson's Psychological Theory of Development describes eight stages through which a healthy developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages
• Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. Piaget believed that children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world
• Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural and Social Development Theory asserts three major themes regarding social interaction, the more knowledgeable other, and the zone of proximal development. Social development theory argues that social interaction precedes development; consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior
• The theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg explains that morality starts from early childhood years and can be affected by several factors. Social Interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development
• The Bio Ecological Theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner states that human development is influenced by different types of environmental systems. This theory helps us understand why we may behave differently in various environmental settings