reasons for migration

• when and where was the first Viking raid

  789, Wessex
• why did the Vikings start raiding England?

  -monasteries were unguarded (Lindisfarne)

  -part of fighting culture
• when did the vikings decide to invade?

  865
• why did the vikings decide to invade?

  -England had rich and fertile land

  -england had key European trading towns

  -religious fighting culture
• by what year had the kings of Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia fled?

  878
• When was the first invasion of Wessex?

  871
• Why did the 1st invasion of Wessex work?

  King Alfred paid them to leave
• When was the 2nd invasion of Wessex?

  878
• What year did the Great Army land in East Anglia

  865
• what year was York captured

  866
• why was it crucial to capture york

  -it was heavily fortified

  -it was used as a base to attack and conquer
• Who lead the army for the 2nd invasion of Wessex

  Guthrum
• Where and when did Guthrum's army attack first

  Chippenham, January 878
• What was the battle that was fought between the Saxons and the Vikings in the campaign for Wessex

  Battle of Edington
• Who won the Battle of Edington

  Alfred + local leaders
• What was in the Treaty of Wedmore

  Danelaw
• What was the Danelaw

  the boundary between Wessex and Viking lands
• Personally, what did Guthrum do?

  convert to Christianity, settle in East Anglia with the army
• Why did the Normans want to take over?

  -William thought it was his right to be king

  -fighting culture
• Why did William think he should be king

  -1051: Archbishop of Cantebury told him he would be king

  -1064: after fighting two campaigns with him, Harold Godwinson said that he could be king

  -Edward the confessor's mum was William's great aunt
• What was William's official title

  William Duke of Normandy
• When did Edward the Confessor die

  5th January 1066
• Who when and where was crowned after Edward

  Harold Godwinson, Westminster Abbey, 6 January 1066
• How were the Normans able to take over?

  -army was well equipped and had fit soldiers

  -assembled castles before taking them overseas for quick establishment of Norman rule

  -ships that could carry soldiers and horses
• Where and when was the Battle of Hastings

  Senlac Hill, 14 October 1066
• When was William coronated

  25 December 1066
• What is the source showing the Normans conquest

  Bateaux tapestry
• What is an advantage and disadvantage of the Bayeaux tapestry

  -made in England (Kent) around 1070

  -made by Norman weavers
• How many Jewish people were in England at the start

  very very few
• when did Jewish people start coming

  1070
• why hadn't Jewish people been in England before

  around 70 CE the Romans had been forcing them out of the middle East into the mediterranean
• why did Jewish people come? when? Where from

  They were invited by William, in 1070, from Rouen
• Why did William invite Jewish people

  Because he needed to loan money for his castles and buildings
• what was the son of charging interest on loans

  usury
• how did they impact england

  made it prosperous and wealthy
• when did Jewish people start settling outside of London

  1135
• When did the Lombardy bankers begin arriving

  1220s
• why did the Lombardy bankers start coming

  they wanted to be moneylenders like the Jewish people
• what was the religion of Lombardy bankers

  christian
• how did the Lombardy bankers work around their religion

  -found a loophole saying that they could charge interest if they played a fine, so they charged really high interests

  -1265: the Pope said it was no longer a sin to put interest on loans