BA CORE 2 MT

• Thomas Hobbes: 'Moral Positivism'
• Niccolo Machiavell: 'Machiavellian Principles'
• WD Ross: 'The Prima Facie Principles'
• Lawrence Kohlberg: 'Stages of Moral Development'
• Immanuel Kant: 'Kantian Ethics'
• Jean Piaget: 'Stages of Cognitive Development'
• John Stuart Mill: 'Argument of Legitimization'
• Jeremy Bentham: 'Utilitarianism - Act and Rule'
• Edward Freeman: 'Stakeholder theory'
• BOARD OF DIRECTORS
• BOARD OF DIRECTORS

  • Highest Policy Making Body
  • Approve corporate strategies for sustainable long-term value
  • Select and oversee the CEO and senior management
  • Set the tone at the top" for ethical support
• STEWARDSHIP


  • States that a steward protects and maximizes shareholders wealth through firm performance
  • Satisfied and motivated when organizational success is attained
  • Encourages employees or executives to act more autonomously to maximize stakeholder returns
• COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
• COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

  1. Develops an executive compensation philosophy

  2. Adopts and oversees the implementation of compensation policies

  3. Designs compensation packages to incentivize long-term value creation
• AUDIT COMMITTEE
• AUDIT COMMITTEE

  1. Manages the relationship with the outside auditor

  2. Oversees the annual financial statement audit and internal controls

  3. Manages the company's risk management and compliance programs
• GOVERNANCE


  The process of decision making to be implemented or not fully implemented
• CORPORATE GOVERNANCE


  • In the business context refers to the systems of rules, practices, and processes by which companies are governed
  • Deals with the way investors ensure they get a fair return on their investment
• The corporate governance model followed by a specific company is the distribution of rights and responsibilities by all participants in the organization
• EUTHYPHRO'S DILEMMA
• DIVINE COMMAND THEORY

  An action is either moral or immoral solely because God commands us to do it or prohibits us
• POSITIVISM


  Came from Latin root 'posit', which means to posit, postulate, or to firmly affix the existence of something
• LEGAL POSITIVISM


  Holds the view that the only valid sources of written rules and principles are those created by government or political institutions
• FIDELITY


  The duty to keep one's promises and contracts and not to be engaged in deception
• THE HEINZ DILEMMA
• POST-CONVENTIONAL

  Morality is based on abstract and moral reasoning
• INSTRUMENTAL ORIENTATION


  Focuses on children who obey because they know they will be rewarded
• OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT ORIENTATION


  Focuses on children's desire to obey to avoid punishment
• MORAL DEVELOPMENT


  Focuses on ethical and moral reasoning
• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT


  Focuses on thinking, learning, memory, and problem-solving
• ETHICS


  A system of
• People obey because they know they will have a reward/price


  Obeying is motivated by the expectation of a reward or price
• Obedience and Punishment Orientation


  • Focuses on a child's desire to obey in order to avoid punishment
• Cognitive Development


  • Focuses on thinking, learning memory, and problem solving
• Ethics


  A system of moral principles that refers to how people make decisions and lead their lives
• Normative Ethics


  • Concerned with the content of moral judgments and the criteria for what is right or wrong
• Meta-Ethics

  • Seeks to understand the nature, scope, and meaning of moral judgment, looking at the origins and meaning of ethical principles
• Applied Ethics


  • Refers to practical ethics in real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, professions, health, technology, law, and leadership
• Integrity


  A value system that carries expectations of other people's actions, implying adherence to moral and ethical principles for evaluating moral character, honesty, accountability, and responsibility
• Freedom of Conscience

  Imperative and larger than the freedom of religion or beliefs, covering all ethics and values cherished by human beings, whether of religious nature or not