Neurons and synaptic transmission

• What does a cell body do

  Included nucleus, which contains the genetic material of the cell
• what does a dendrite do

  its a branch like structure that protrude from the cell body and these carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body
• What do axons do

  Carry the impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron the axon is covered in a fatty layer of myelin sheath that protects the axon speed up electrical transmission.
• what do nodes of ranvier do

  these are gaps that segment the myelin sheath and they speed up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to jump across the gaps along the axon.
• what are terminal buttons

  These are found at the end of the axon and communicate with the next neuron in the chain across a gap known as the synapse.
• what are the different types of neons

  sensory,relay, and motor
• What does a sensory neurons do

  These carry messages from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
• What does the relay neurons do

  These connect the sensory neurons to the motor or the relay neurons and allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate with each other.
• What do motor neurons do

  These connect the central nervous system to affecters as muscles and glands which control muscle contractions and movements.
• what is electric transmission

  When a neuron is in a resting state the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside.

  When the new one is activated by stimulus the inside of the cell becomes positively charged for a split second causing an action potential to occur.
• What is created when an action potential occurs

  An electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of the neuron.
• what do neurons do

  transmit signals electrically along their axons.
• what is synaptic transmission

  This is the process where a nerve impulse passes across the synaptic cleft from one neuron to another.
• where must neurons transmit info

  Both within the neuron and from one neuron to the next.
• Where did the dendrites of neurons receive information from

  sensory receptors or other neurons
• Where is the information from sensory receptors then passed down to

  cell body and Onto the axon
• What happens when is the information has arrived at the axon

  It travels down its length in the form of an electrical signal known as action potential.
• Where must action potential cross once it’s arrived at the terminal button

  synapse via synaptic gap
• What are at the end of the axon of the nerve cells

  sacs called the synaptic vesicles
• What are synaptic vesicles

  They release their content through a process called exocytosis.
• What does the released neurotransmitters bind to

  specialised receptors
• what is re up take

  Where neurotransmitter is recycled and it goes backwards to the presynaptic terminal.
• the quicker the neurotransmitter is taken backup…

  The shorter the effects on the postsynaptic neuron.
• How do antidepressants use automatic transmission to work

  Increasing the levels of a chemical called seretonin, which is then absorbed by the nerve cells
• What can to Little serotonin lead to

  OCD
• What can to much dopamine lead to

  schizophrenia
• If a neurotransmitter is classified as either excitatory or inhibitory whats it based on?

  The effect they have on the neighbouring neurons.
• what is an Excitatory neurotransmitter

  These increase the likelihood that a positively charged signal is sent to the postsynaptic cell which is then more likely to fire.
• What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

  Decrease the likelihood of that neurons firing as a negatively charged signal is sent to the postsynaptic cell mean it’s less likely to fire.
• what does an excitatory post synaptic potential bind with

  post synaptic receptor
• what does an inhibitory post synaptic potential bind with

  Postsynaptic receptor.
• How is the strength of an EPSP increased

  If Excitatory synapses are more active the cell fires at a high rate.

  if inhibitory synapses are more active the cells fire at a much lower rate.