experience of migrants

• Positive experiences of the vikings

  -they were prosperous: craftsworkers; copper/blacksmiths, woodworkers and weavers bought and sold good locally and overseas, they lives in long houses (5 x 12 m, Central fire)

  -they had fun: sagas- they would tell stories, play chess, listen and make music

  -justice system: Things- made laws, tried people, gave punishments

  -lived peacefully with Saxons: Danes became Christians, allowed Daxons to circulate their currency in East Anglia
• Why did King Ethelred massacre a lot of Danes


  he was scared they would team up with raiding vikings
• what was the viking massacre called and when was it

  St Brice's Day masacre, 13 November 1002
• when did the Saxons surrender

  1016
• how long king cnut's reign

  1016-1035
• why were Saxons appeased

  remained in positions, though Cnut was king, used Anglo-Saxon laws, four earldoms created that Saxons were in charge of
• benefit of Cnut reigning

  became king of Denmark in 1018 and Norway 1028: expanded trade, meaning economic prosperity
• What did the Normans face upon arrival

  rebellions
• things the Normans did to secure rule

  -1068: quashed 18-day revolt in Exeter

  -paid the Danes danegeld so they could take down Saxons with ease

  -burned crops and killed animals so people would starve to death

  -Harrying of the North: killed thousands of people to control the population

  -build castles: in charge of border crossing, soldiers, weaponry
• when was the Harrying of the North


  1067-1070
• What did the Normans put in place

  Feudal system
• what are the four groups of the feudal system

  king, barons, Knights, peasants
• Why was the Doomsday Book introduced

  1085: landowners started arguing over who owned what
• when was the Doomsday Book commissioned

  1086
• what was recorded in the Domesday book

  everything that people owned, how much tax they paid during Edward the confessor's rule
• positives of jewish experience

  -many were rich as moneylenders

  -many lived reasonably as cheese makers or fishmongers

  -lived in Jewries: had mikvehs, kehilahs, kosher butchers, synagogues, good community
• Anti-semitism

  -when in crisis they would pay to stay in royal shelters that were expensive and they needed to charge highers interests, gaining hatred from borrowers;

  -Christians taught that Jewish people killed Christ;

  -persecuted because deemed 'unbelievers' because of crusades against Muslims;

  -blood libel
• when did the crusades against Muslims start

  1095
• when and how many Jewish people killed in anti-Semitic mob attack

  3 September 1189, 30 killed
• Persecution things

  -1218: had to wear distinctive badge

  -1230s: expelled from town, Leicester, Newcastle

  -1265: 500 killed because of blood libel accusations

  -1275: Statute of Jewry- banned from collecting interest, became poor, forced to clip coins

  1290: Edward I said convert or leave
• How many were hanged for clipping coins and what year

  1278: 293 people
• how many Jewish people were forced to Europe as refugees

  3,000
• What were two prosperous families from the Low countries

  Bardi, Riccardi
• how did the people from low countries benefit england

  weavers made cloth industry prosperous
• where were hands merchants from

  the Hanseatic League
• where did hands merchants live

  Steelyard in central london
• when did hands merchants get the right to trade, and what did they trade

  1303, honey, wheat, timber, furs
• why did hansa merchants live well

  -had royal protection

  -payed lower taxes

  -by mid 1400s they controlled most of English cloth industry
• why did people from the low countries have negative experiences

  -resented because privilege; 1381 Peasants Revolt: 150 killed; and Steelyard attacked

  -expelled as enemy aliens during wars- 1325: foreigners on South coast arrested