C.8

• Scottish revolt in St Giles Cathedral

  - July 1637, Dean of St Giles cathedral attempted to usr new scottish prayer book, Demonstrators had organised in advacr armed w tools and sticks.

  - The first to throw was a local cabbage seller called Jenny Geddes
• Independent churches

  The idea that churches could be independent was radical one was founded by William Wroth:

  - Wroth saw a parishioner on his way to a party drop dead, saw this as divine punishment for acting frivolous became a Puritan

  - Refused to read book of sports from his pulpit and was reported to Court of High commissions by his bishop

  - resigned in 1638 but continued to preach and set up independent church in Wales
• Reaction in Scotland to prayer book

  - Kirk orders to use new prayer book from July 1637

  - The riot of St Giles was followed by another in Glasgow.. Robert Baillie convicted William Annan to take his place, Baillie recounted Annan was lucky to escape with his life

  " About 30 or 40 of our most forthright women as though with one voice criticised cursed and scolded Mr William Annan" - Baillie
• Reaction in Scotland to prayer book pt 2

  - petitions against the policy began to proliferate as an opposition movement developed

  - Further riots broke out causing Scottish privy council to abandon Edinburgh in Oct
• Who were 'The Tables'

  What did they do

  - A small group formed by Scottish Parliament

  - they drew up 'National Covenant' in February 1638:

  A solemn promise that they would not comply w transformation of the Kirk

  Contents:

  • the 1580 Confession of faith (outline of Calvinist theology)

  • the negative confession of 1581 (condemnation of Catholicism)

  • Also renounced 1633 Canons and Prayer book

  
  

  Hundreds of thousands of Scots put their name into the covenant became known as Covenanters
• Charles reaction to the Covenanters

  'I will rather die than yield to these impertinent and damnable demands'

  Charles allowed Scots to call religious general assembly at Glasgow in November 1638 they voted abolishment of episcopacyand prayerbook

  
  

  April 1639 Bishop war was imminent
• Covenanters Vs Kings army

  • Covenant is faster

  • Covenants used good relationship with Protestant powers of Northern Europe to buy weapons and equipment

  • support for covenant was strong local committees raised taxes to fund a mobilisation

  • soldiers from 30 year war had experience

  • 12,000 men led by General Leslie Veteran of 30 yrs war

  
  

  • Kings Army many deserted as were not paid

  • ship money receipts dropped due to response to Hamden case

  • Charles forced men into the army

  • English nobility summoned to York in April 1639 order to take oath of allegiance and commanded to put men and money at Kings disposal

  • 15,000 led by Earl of Arundel
• What Charles hoped to happen and his strategy to the Bishop wars

  - Hoped the Scots would be intimidated and would choose not to fight

  Strategy:

  - Hamilton lead an assault by boat on north- east coast of Scotland with 5,000 men

  - From N Ireland a noble would lead a royalist force to join Hamilton

  - both forces would move south towards Edinburgh

  - Naval forces would blockade the Scottish coasts

  - More forces brought in and main English army assembled at Berrick upon Teeed near Newcastle and move north
• The pacification of Berrick

  - Eng Army mustered (gathered) at Berrick- upon- tweed and preped to enter Scotland whilst Scot army under Leslie were assembled 12 miles away in Duns

  - Charles gave order to advance in to Scotland and Lord Holland allowed his Calvary to run too far ahead in to the Scot army

  - Leslie spread the Scot army too look strong and Hollands Calvary returned exaggerating stores of Scottish strength

  - running out of money and w poor quality army Charles negotiated Pacification of Berrick on 18 June 1639;

  Contained an agreement from both sides to disband their armies Charles also agreed to recall the Scottish parliament
• 2nd Bishop war

  Despite pacification neither sling or Covenant disbanded armies

  Charles showed to be insincere in his agreement to recall Parliament

  - Scottish parliament met and confirmed the abolishing if episcopacy

  - Charles ordered a muster of his troops at York

  - Scot's launched defensive attack on Northumberland in July 1640

  - Earl of Northum withdrew from command and Earl of Stratford (Wentworth) was ill so English = leaderless

  - Covenanters took Newcastle and began to advance to York

  - Leading Covenanters in communication w English opponents of the King
• What did Charles do as a consequence of the 2nd Bishops war?

  - called an ancient institution called council of peers

  - they met in York 1640

  - they advised making peace swiftly so in Oct the king sign treaty of Ripon

  
  

  Treaty of Ripon:

  - Agreement between King and Covenanters to reach a permanent settlement King also agreed:

  • Scottish army could remain in Northumberland and County and Durham w hq at New castle

  • they would be paid £850/ day for duration

  • English parliament would be recalled and not dissolved until Scots had been paied and returned
• Impact of Scottish wars

  Anxiety:

  Laud wrote to Went "my misgiving soul is deeply apprehensive of no small evils coming on"

  
  

  Faith: Lady Brilliana Harley: " He will work for his own glory" sentiment shared by many other puritans

  
  

  Eminity:

  Thomas Widenbank fought in army in first bishop war wrote of the Scot's: "thoes scurvy, filthy, dirty, nasty... prutanical crew of the Scottish Covenant"

  
  

  Optimism: some hoped bishop wars would make Charles recall parliament

  
  

  Impact in Scotland:

  In August 1640 Scottish nobles signed 'Cumberland Band' which expressed loyalty to king