C.7

• Role of Wentworth

  - sat in 'Addled Parliament'

  - was a fierce vocal opponent of crown against Buckingham and his pro - Spanish policy

  - Refused to pay forced loan in 1627 and one of the MPS who divided petition of right in 1628

  - was given a key royal appointment the presidency of the council of the north after was a fervent servant of king

  - given name 'The Grand Apostate' (someone who abandoned a religious or political ideology

  - Protestant do not as stressed w religion like Puritans e.g Pym
• 1) What was Thorough

  2) How achievable was thorough

  1) - Wentworth and Laud used thorough to encapsulate heat they were trying to achieve in their roles

  - Both believed corruption should be rooted out of public life and order

  - non-conformity was a challenge that should be squashed

  2) - Had different expectations in how Thorough could be implemented; Laud was more pragmatic and Wentworth was and Idealist
• Wentworth governance

  - 1628 Wentworth was Lord President of the Council of the North responsible for implementing royal authority in Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland

  
  

  - insisted on conformity to 1631 Book of orders + did a lot to ensure lower classes saw their lives improved; provisions for the poor were enforced properly + measures to ensure poor farmers errr not illegally evicted from farmland
• How did gentry families respond to Wentworth enforcing thorough.. how did Wentworth see this as?

  - What Wentworth said cremating his allegiance w the king

  - resented the loss of power Went saw attacks on his person as attacks to the king and used council as a prerogative court to endorse submission to his authority

  - said: ' The kings authority is like the keystone which holds together the whole arch of order and government
• Example of Wentworth's strict rule

  - "Mr Bellasis who stood with his hat on his head looking square at his lordship" (taking if hat is sign of respect)

  Bellaisis claimed he had not noticed Wentworth as he was talking, Went sentenced him to 1 month imprisonment

  - Sir David Foulis and his son accused Went of collecting fees for the distraint of knighthood and not sending them onwards to king (Embezzlement) Wentworth had them charged w slander
• Wentworth governed in Ireland

  - July 1633 appointed Deputy of Ireland

  - His Goals:

  • to impose the authority of English Crown

  • to impose religious uniformity and conformity in Laudian style

  • make Ireland profitable for the king
• The 'Graces' (Wentworth)


  - in 1628 the previous Lord Deputy and representatives of the old Catholic English and Irish made deal w government:

  1. No fines for not attending Protestant church services.

  2. Relaxed rules for Catholics in public office regarding the Oath of Supremacy.

  3. Security of land ownership for those holding land for over 60 years.

  BUT THESE PROMISES WERE NEVER FUFILED
• Reactions in Ireland against the crown

  - in 1639 when Went left Ireland it was more profitable organised but his strict rule made many unhappy

  - no opposition as Irish politics was divided; Went used law to crush opposition
• Reactions in England against the crown

  - Hampden ship money case mobilised a network of Puritans

  - Kings advisors shrunk in to ruling clique causing more alienation

  - success of thorough provoked opposition as it mean the kings authority reached further in to localities than had previously been possible
• Demands for recall of English Parliament

  - opposition growing but absence of parliament prevented the political nation from debating and expressing will to King

  - in 1637 despite some organised groupings Parliament wasn't recalled