cells

• What are cells considered in biology?

  The basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  A cell
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• How do animal and plant cells differ from bacterial cells?

  Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic, bacteria are prokaryotic
• How many types of cells does an adult human contain?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are subcellular structures also known as?

  Organelles
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  A cell membrane
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  Cell sap (sugars, salts, water)
• What is photosynthesis?

  Process by which plants make sugars
• What substance do chloroplasts contain that aids in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• What is the genetic material in bacterial cells called?

  Circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA carrying extra genes
• What are flagella in bacteria used for?

  To propel the bacteria for movement
• What are the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells?

  Similarities:

  • Both are eukaryotic cells
  • Have cell membranes, nuclei, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and ribosomes

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cells have a cell wall, permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts
  • Animal cells do not have these structures
• What are the key features of bacterial cells?

  • Prokaryotic and unicellular
  • Have cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Genetic material is a circular strand of DNA
  • May contain plasmids and flagella