Infectious Disease pt2

• most people fight of tuberculosis, people with defective immune systems (such as having HIV) cant
• one disease can increase the risk of contracting another

  -for example= HIV increasing risk of TB
• Diseases can trigger allergies like asthma

  = body infected with pathogen, the immune system fights off the pathogen but the body is left with an allergy
• mental illness can be cause by physical illness, such as arthritis depression
• Disease can also be the cause of another disease developing, such as HPV causing cervical cancer
• pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.
• types of pathogens?

  bacteria, virus, fungi, protist
• Bacteria facts

  -release harmful toxins that make u feel ill and damage tissues

  -reproduces rapidly (every 20mins)
• Viruses facts

  -cant reproduce themselves only in host cells

  -they invade and enter the host cell, multiply, damage the cell, then while leaving can cause the cell to burst and die
• Viral diseases

  these are communicable

  they cant be killed by antibiotics
• Measles

  viral disease
• measles symptoms

  fever, red skin rash after 3 days
• how does measles spread?

  water droplets infected when sneezes or coughs, passes onto person when inhaling the droplets
• most children are vaccinated against from measles
• what can measles cause?

  damage to the brain and breathing system: can be fatal
• HIV

  viral disease
• HIV symptoms

  flu like ilness
• what is happening during HIV symptoms

  the virus is attacking the cells of the patients immune system.

  immune system may become damaged where it can no longer fight off other infections and cancer cells.
• what happens when the immune system is damaged?

  AIDS or late stage HIV=

  the patients can easily contract other diseases like TB and develop cancers.
• anti retroviral drugs

  stops virus multiplying in the body so the virus doesnt damge the immune system to the point they develop AIDS.
• disadvantage of antiretroviral drugs

  they dont cure you for a lifetime
• How is HIV spread?

  exchange of body fluids in human

  -for e.g: unprotected sex, sharing infected drug needles
• Malaria

  Protist disease
• is malaria communicable?

  yes
• malaria symptoms

  fever, can be fatal
• Life cycle of malaria?

  1. infected person bitten by mosquito
  2. malaria pathogen passed into mosquito
  3. mosquito bites a different person, passing on malaria pathogen
• Mosquitos in the malaria life cycle

  vectors= they carry the pathogen from person to person without getting infected
• how to stop malaria spread

  -mosquito nets/ spray insecticide on net to prevent getting bitten

  -stop mosquito breeding = they breed in still water so drain them or spray with insecticide
• communicable


  can spread from one organism to another
• how do communicable diseases spread?

  spread by pathogens
• health

  the state of physical and mental wellbeing
• ill health causes

  non communicable and communicable diseases, stress, poor diet
• how do pathogens spread?

  air in water droplets e.g:coughs and sneeze

  water e.g:cholera

  direct contact between infected and person like HIV
• how to reduce the spread of pathogens

  vaccination

  quarantine

  basic hygiene

  clean water for drinking

  reduce direct contact between people
• How is salmonella spread?

  ingesting infected food by bacteria for example food prepped in unhygienic conditions
• symptoms of salmonella

  abdominal cramps, fever, vomit and diarrhoea
• salmonella symptoms are caused by bacteria releasing toxins
• bacteria can be found in poultry however in the UK they vaccinate the chicken to control the spread
• Gonnorhoea

  bacterial disease
• Gonnorhoea symptoms

  yellow/green discharge , pain when urinating