pdhpe 2

• Relationship between Physical Fitness, Training, and Movement efficiency

  Physical fitness is essential to maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle. It has components that directly impact health and are split into Health related fitness components and Skill related fitness components
• Health-related fitness components

  • Cardiorespiratory endurance
  • Muscular strength
  • Muscular endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Body composition
• Health related fitness components will improve personal health and well-being through the prevention of diseases such as heart disease, obesity, and depression
• Skill related fitness components do not specifically influence health but are important in the performance of activities and will improve skill execution specific to sporting activities
• Cardiorespiratory endurance


  Measure of the ability of a person’s lungs, heart, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to the working muscles of the body; also refers to the ability of the working muscles and other organs to utilize this oxygen
• Cardiorespiratory endurance is vital in cycling, triathlons, and 1500m swimming
• High aerobic power results in higher cardiac output at max effort and decreased resting heart rate
• Muscular strength


  Ability of muscles to apply force to an object in one maximal contraction
• Muscular strength contributes to a person’s health by enabling them to participate in life without feelings of muscular tiredness and fatigue
• Strength is important in physical activity and particularly significant in team games like rugby league
• Strength is a major component of power and is closely associated with muscle hypertrophy
• Muscular endurance


  Ability to sustain or repeat a muscular effort for a relatively long period of time
• Muscular endurance is important for overall health and is required in activities such as long distance running, swimming, rowing, canoeing, and cycling
• Athletes in sports like tennis or squash require specific muscular endurance in various body parts to compete in long rallies and games
• Flexibility


  Range of movement that can be performed in and around a joint
• Good flexibility aids in mobility and helps reduce the chances of muscle fibre tears and ligament strains
• Flexibility decreases with age but can be maintained with regular exercise and stretching routines
• Sports requiring a high degree of flexibility

  • Gymnastics
  • Wrestling
  • Tennis
• Stiffness and tightness in joints can limit an individual’s freedom of movement and contribute to injury of bones, tendons, and muscles
• Sports that require a high degree of flexibility

  • Gymnastics
  • Diving
  • Wrestling
  • Tennis
• Body Composition

  The relative percentages of tissues in our bodies, particularly fat & muscle
• The body needs a certain level of fat for metabolism and energy storage, but excess fat can impair fitness levels and overall health
• Poor body composition has been linked to conditions such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and various forms of cancer
• Sports suitable for athletes with low, medium, and high body fat composition

  • Low: Marathon runner (More body fat equals more weight to carry throughout the run (2 hrs +))
  • Medium: Swimming (Assists with flotation and buoyancy)
  • High: Sumo wrestler (Increase weight and therefore may be harder to push out of the ring)
• Power


  A combination of strength and speed, exerting maximum force in the shortest time
• Sports where power is significant

  • Throwing events like discus, shot put, and javelin
  • Team sports like volleyball, basketball, and Australian rules
• Speed


  The ability of muscles to contract quickly, translating into fast movement of body parts
• Genetics influence an athlete's speed, with fast-twitch muscle fibres contributing to speed potential
• Speed can be improved through training, enhancing technique and skill which improves muscle memory
• Increased strength gains may be misinterpreted as speed improvements
• Agility


  The ability to change direction or body positions quickly while maintaining balance
• Sports requiring agilitySnow skiing, gymnastics, tennis, dancing, ice skating, rugby, boxing, wrestling, martial arts
• Coordination


  The ability to integrate body movement with messages from different senses
• Balance

  The ability of the body to maintain equilibrium, which can be static or dynamic
• Balance


  An important component of both agility and coordination
• Types of balance

  • Static balance
  • Dynamic balance
• Static balance

  Body’s equilibrium is held in a fixed or stationary position
• Static balance

  • A handstand in gymnastics
• Dynamic balance

  Athlete can maintain equilibrium while moving
• Dynamic balance


  • Running, Riding a bike