Acids

• Strong acids dissociate completely, such as H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, whilst weak acids dissociate partially, such as CH3COOH.
• Bases neutralise an acid to form a salt (metal oxides and carbonate).
• Alkalis are a base that dissolves in water and releases hydroxide ions.
• Metal oxides form a salt and water when reacted with an acid.
• Metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen.
• Metal carbonates react with acids to form a salt, water and CO2.
• An oxidation number is a measure of the number of electrons an atoms uses to bond with atoms of another element. They are numerically the same as the ionic charge.
• Oxidising agents are electron acceptors, themselves are reduced.
• Reducing agents are electron donors, themselves are oxidised.
• Oxidation numbers: H: +1

  Group 1: +1

  Group 2: +2

  Aluminium: +3

  Oxygen: -2 (where F is present -1)

  Fluorine: -1

  Chlorine: -1 (where F and O are present, +)