Regenerating Places

• Economic Classification:

  • Primary Sector
  • Secondary Sector
  • Tertiary Sector
  • Quaternary Sector
• Primary sector- collecting of raw materials from the environment (e.g farmers, fishermen)
• Secondary sector- processing the raw materials into another product (e.g factory workers)
• Tertiary Sector- Providing a service (e.g teacher, police officer, doctor)
• Quaternary sector- innovation/research/ development (e.g IT software, creating a new medicine)
• How can people classify different types of economic activity?

  • By sector
  • By type of employment
  • by social grade definition
• Social grade definitions:

  • A (upper middle class)
  • B (middle class)
  • C1 (lower middle class)
  • C2 (skilled working class)
  • D (working class)
  • E (lowest level of subsistence)
• Clark Fisher Model

  • Shows the percentage of the population employed in different economic sectors at different stages of employment

  
• Sherborne- 62.5% own a house
• Boscombe- 27.5% own a house
• Sherborne- 74 crimes in 2022
• Boscombe-321 crimes in 2022
• IMD(Index of multiple deprivation)- governments measure of multiple deprivation, produced every 3 years
• Causes of coastal decline:

  • Piers and promenades becoming more expensive-not receiving money in return
  • Coastal erosion is a much larger issue
  • Package holidays-provide cheaper and better holidays
  • Poor accessibility and connectedness
• Boscombe- top 10% of the most deprived areas of the UK
• Regional factors influencing Boscombe's decline:

  • House sharing
  • 1974 government reorganisation
  • Centre for drug treatment and addiction
  • House of multiple occupations (HMOs)
• National factors influencing Boscombe's decline:

  • Planes
  • Changing perceptions
  • Package holiday companies
  • Low cost of air travel
• International factors influencing Boscombe's decline:

  • Globalisation
  • Deindustrialisation
  • Growth of more international tourist markets
• Successes of Boscombe's regeneration:

  • Refurbished pier
  • Re-branded Boscombe
  • Attracting tourists and international publicity- 32% increase
  • Re-designed as an all-year-round beach
  • Revitalised old abandoned beach huts
  • Provided 532 full time jobs
  • 40% reduction in anti-social behaviour
• Reasons Boscombe needed regenerating:

  • Experienced 40 years of social and economic decline
  • High levels of anti-social behaviour
  • Economic activity is ranked 365th lowest
  • Deindustrialisation
  • Short life expectancy
  • High levels of deprivation
• Improvements to Boscombe:

  • Made the seaside more interactive- xylophones on pier
  • Increased house prices- more affluent people are attracted
• Community improvements in Boscombe:

  • Focus groups continue to improve
  • 85% of people liked the regeneration
• Artificial reef in Boscombe:

  • example of a ailed project
  • made Boscombe a 'laughing stock'
  • Cost £3.2 million
  • Supposed to create waves to attract surfers
• Regeneration- investment in the physical fabric of a place

  • has multiple forms, including creating new places of employment, sports arenas, cultural centres, heritage sites and leisure facilities
• Re-branding- involves re-imaging a place using a variety of media to create a different perception of a place
• Spiral of decline

  
• Positive multiplier effect

  
• Context of Sherborne:

  • Not experienced the rapid change that Boscombe has
  • Had a rise in international school influence
  • Protest against Tesco
  • Douzelage
• Sun Belt- the area of the US that encompasses the region from Florida to California and included industries like oil, military and aerospace
• Rust Belt- an area that experienced mass de-industrialisation and as a result of that possible mass emigration
• Place attachment- the emotional bond between a person and a place. It is highly influenced by an individual and their experience of a place
• Tripartite Model:

  • by Scannel and Gifford in 2010
  • Defines the variables of place attatchment as the 3 p's

  1. person
  2. process
  3. place
• Age:

  • more older people voted potentially because they are more attached to the area and wish for improvements
  • e.g 78% of people over the age of 65 voted compared to 43% of people between the age of 18-24
• Social class:

  • more higher classed people voted more due to potentially voting for people who will benefit them in the long term
  • e.g 75% of people in the AB class compared to 57% in the DE class
• Housing tenure:

  • more people who own their own house have voted potentially because they want to make buying their house more worth it
  • e.g 77% of people who owned their house voted compared to the 56% who socially rent
• Ethnic group:

  • more white people voted potentially because they may have lived in the area longer and want improvements although not always the case
  • e.g 68% of white people voted compared to the 56% of BME people
• Civic engagement- the ways in which the people participate in their community in order to improve their quality of life for others or to shape their communities future.

  • E.g volunteering or supporting a local charity
• Political apathy- when people unwillingly accept their conditions they find themselves in, but feel powerless to do anything about it
• HS2:

  • Started being built in 2017- discontinued in 2023
  • Aim- to transform Northern Growth, rebalance the countrys economy and establish the North as a global powerhouse
• HS2:

  Stakeholders and players:

  • the government
  • the councils of the cities
  • residents
  • national transport agencies
  • local enterprises partnerships