Transcription factors

• What process is specifically controlled by transcriptional factors?

  Protein synthesis
• How do transcriptional factors affect gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

  They can stimulate or inhibit transcription
• What are transcriptional factors described as in the video?

  Molecules that move from cytoplasm to nucleus
• What do transcriptional factors bind to in order to control gene expression?

  Particular sequences of DNA
• What is the result of transcriptional factors binding to DNA?

  They control protein synthesis
• How do transcriptional factors contribute to cell specialization?

  By switching genes on and off
• What is the focus of the video regarding transcriptional control?

  Control of DNA to mRNA
• What type of molecules are transcriptional factors?

  Proteins
• What happens when transcriptional factors are activated?

  They move into the nucleus and bind to DNA
• What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  It binds to DNA to initiate transcription
• What is the relationship between transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase?

  RNA polymerase binds after transcriptional factors
• What type of hormone is estrogen?

  Steroid hormone
• Why can estrogen easily enter cells?

  It is lipid soluble
• What does estrogen bind to in the cell?

  A receptor section of a transcriptional factor
• What happens when estrogen binds to the transcriptional factor?

  It changes the shape of the DNA binding site
• What is the result of the shape change in the transcriptional factor?

  It becomes complementary to the DNA
• What must happen for transcription to occur?

  The transcriptional factor must be bound to DNA
• What is gene regulation in the context of transcriptional factors?

  Regulating whether genes are turned on or off
• How does estrogen influence transcription?

  It activates transcriptional factors to enable transcription
• What are the key components of transcriptional control in eukaryotic cells?

  • Transcriptional factors stimulate or inhibit transcription
  • They bind to specific DNA sequences
  • RNA polymerase binds after transcriptional factors
  • Estrogen activates transcriptional factors
• How do transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase interact during transcription?

  • Transcriptional factors bind to DNA
  • RNA polymerase can only bind after
  • This initiates the transcription process
• What is the significance of the shape change in transcriptional factors upon hormone binding?

  • Changes the DNA binding site shape
  • Allows binding to specific DNA sequences
  • Activates transcriptional factors for gene expression