Philippine Politics and Governance

• Greek word of Politics which means city state.


  “politeia” or “polis”
• The Father of Political Science - According to him, politics, a first systematic work scroll focused on political affairs.

  Aristotle
• Father of Modern Political Science - wrote the book "the prince" which is a handbook for rulers in the art of government.

  Niccolo Machiavelli
• A handbook for rulers in the art of government.

  The Prince
• The nature and organization of state, the structure, and functions of the high branches of government and the theory of political and civil liberties.

  Agpalo, 1998 (Science of Politics)
• The systematic study of political and governmental institutions and processes.

  Ranney, 1995 (Science of Politics)
• Collections of relevant rules and routines that determine appropriate actions regarding relations between roles and situations involving the determination of what the situation is, what the role is being fulfilled, and what obligation of that part in that situation is.

  Peters, 2012 (Science of Politics)
• Refers to the activities of government that is relative to its management of the public affairs.

  Governance
• Process of decision making.

  Governance
• The process by which decisions are or are not implemented.

  Governance
• Specific acts of governing the country or state.

  Governance
• Coined the term ideology during the french revolution and subsequently used in public in 1796

  Antoine Destutt De Tracy (1754 - 1836)
• A set of body of opinion that people have.

  Ideology
• The study of nature and origin of ideas.

  Ideology
• A set of ideas relative to a system of living.

  Ideology
• People's assessment of reality or what they hold to be true.

  Beliefs
• Individuals ideas about right and wrong.

  Values
• Defined as strength, force, might, the ability to do or act, authority, control, influence, right, etc. (p.1633, Vol. 2, The World Book Dictionary)

  Power
• Is the ability to get someone to do something he/she wants to accomplish, thus making things happen in a way he/she wants. (Tabajen and Pulma 2016)

  Power
• Is as well the prime ingredient of politics (Roskin et.al, 2012)

  Power
• The right to exercise power in society.

  Authority
• This refers to the ability to entice or convince through persuasion and other non-coercive means.

  Influence
• In Politics, the concept of power is closely related to the state, government, governance, and citizenship.
• Sovereignty is expressed by the government as a form of “national power” that is composed of various resources and instrumentalities
• The 3 inherent powers of the

  state: Police Power, Power of Eminent Domain, and Power of Taxation.
• Article V, 1987 PH Constitution (Suffrage)
• RA 6735 “An Act Providing For A System Of Initiative And Referendum And Appropriating Funds Therefor”
• The power of the people to propose amendments to the Constitution or to propose and enact legislation through an election called for the purpose.

  Initiative
• The power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation through an election called for the purpose.

  Referendum
• The electoral process by which an initiative on the Constitution is approved or rejected by the people.

  Plebiscite
• Responsibility is closely tied to obligation.
• Accountability refers to the acknowledgment of responsibility for an action and its consequences.
• Public Officials have legal and moral responsibilities.
• Refers to a set of obligations outlined by laws.

  Legal Responsibilities
• Refers to doing actions that are considered to be.

  Moral Responsibilities
• A political community that occupies a definite territory; having an organized government with the authority to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority.

  State
• State came from the Latin word stare which means ‘to stand’.
• Also known as Global industrialism is a process of forging international political, economic, and socio-cultural interconnections. The concept of sovereign nation-states is increasingly being challenged by globalization.

  Globalization
• The trend of globalization has become even more manifested in the economic aspect with the implementation of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) under the auspices of the World Trade Organization. The emergence of Supranational Organizations is another indication of globalization.

  Global Economy
• According to Tracy, ideology is a new 
"science of ideas".