SCIENCE Q3 DNA

• Inside the eukaryotic cell is the nucleus. Inside the nucleus are chromosomes, a structure made up of DNA and proteins organized into genes. DNA is a molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. It is considered the blueprint of life.
• Genes are sequences of DNA that contains instructions for making proteins.  It is the unit of heredity, it carries the information that determines your trait. Human is estimated to have between 20,000 to 25,000 genes. One gene codes for one protein.
• Proteins are large, highly complex molecules made in the ribosome and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.   Proteins are essential to the human body as it plays an important role, determining the structure and function of all cells such as (1) keratin in the hair and nails, (2) hemoglobin in the blood, (3) actin and myosin in the muscle, (4) channel proteins in the cell membrane, (5) enzymes like saliva for digestion, (6) antibodies for immune system defense, and others.
• Proteins are made up of amino acids (building block of proteins). Different proteins are made by forming combinations from any of the 20 amino acids.  A chain of amino acids is linked together by peptide bonds (chemical bonds formed between molecules) and is called polypeptide.
• fill in the blanks

  A) amino acids

  B) chromosome

  C) DNA

  
• The DNA and RNA is composed of a building block called nucleotide. Each nucleotide is made of phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base. However, the DNA is a double helix molecule while RNA is single stranded. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar.
• The nitrogen bases of DNA are: Guanine(G) which pair with Cytosine (C), Adenine (A) which pair with Thymine (T). On the other hand, RNA has the following nitrogen bases: Guanine (G) which pairs with Cytosine (C), Adenine (A) which pair with Uracil (U).
• DNA is located inside the nucleus of the cell whose main function is the transmission of genetic information. RNA is found in the nucleus, cytoplasm and ribosome whose main function is for the transmission of genetic code necessary for protein synthesis.
• fill in the blanks

  A) hydrogen

  
• fill in the blanks

  A) hydroxide

  
• fill in the blanks

  A) nucleobases

  B) helix