term 2 grade 10 finals review

• Potential energy is energy that is stored in a person or object
• Work done by force

  Force (F) multiplied by the displacement (d) of the body
• Gravitational potential energy


  Potential energy due to the position of an object above Earth’s surface
• Elastic potential energy


  Potential energy due to an object’s shape
• Energy


  The capacity of an object to do work, and like work, energy's unit is the joule (J)
• The standard metric unit of power is the Watt
• The law of conservation of energy states that within a closed system, energy can be transferred, but the total amount of energy is constant
• Mechanical energy

  The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of an object
• Power


  The rate at which work is done upon an object
• Kinetic energy


  The energy possessed by an object due to its motion
• 1 kilograms = 1000 grams
• Weight


  Weight via W = MG
• The types of energy are thermal energy, sound energy, mechanical energy, light energy, and chemical energy
• temperature is the measurement we use to quantify the hot and cold
• temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of an object
• as the temperature increases, so does the average kinetic energy
• Fahrenheit scale was developed in 1714 by Gabriel Fahrenheit
• Celsius scale was developed by Anders Celsius in 1742
• Thermal energy is the sum of all the kinetic energy of the molecules of an material
• If two containers of soup are at the same temperature, the large pot contains more thermal energy because it takes more energy to heat it
• Heat is the flow of thermal energy due to a temperature difference between objects
• K (degree) = C (degree) + 273
• absolute zero is the temperature in which molecular motion stops and is the lowest possible temperature
• Convection arises from the movement of gases or liquids over large distances
• Conduction is physical and is not affected by distance
• Radiation is EM waves transferred energy
• Specific heat is the ability of a substance to absorb or release heat
• Water has a high specific heat, which is 4.18 J/g. C
• Water has greater resistance to temperature change than air
• Latent heat is the heat or energy that is absorbed or released during a phase change of a substance.
• Latent heat includes Melting/Fusion, Sublimation/Deposition, and Evaporation/Condensation
• Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is disturbed
• Increasing the area, decreases pressure
• 0.5m by 0.5 means multiply by each other
• Pressure uses Pa or N/m^2 as a unit
• Liquid pressure is the weight of the liquid that causes pressure in the container. It also causes pressure on any object in the liquid
• Pressure acts in all directions
• Pressure increases with depth
• Pressure depends on the density of the liquid
• Pressure doesn't depend on the shape of the container