Polytheism: Belief in or worship of multiple deities or gods.
Monotheism: Belief in or worship of a single deity or god.
Pyramid: A monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular sides, built in ancient Egypt as tombs for pharaohs and their queens.
Mummy: A preserved human or animal body, typically wrapped in cloth, often associated with ancient Egyptian burial practices.
Vestal Virgins: Priestesses of Vesta, the Roman goddess of the hearth, responsible for maintaining the sacred fire in the Temple of Vesta and remaining celibate during their thirty-year service.
Zeus: The king of the gods in Greek mythology, ruler of Mount Olympus and the sky, known for his lightning bolt.
Hades: In Greek mythology, the god of the underworld and the dead.
Poseidon: In Greek mythology, the god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, often depicted with a trident.
Olympic Games: Ancient Greek athletic competitions held in honor of Zeus at Olympia every four years.
Canaan: An ancient region in the Near East, corresponding roughly to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria, the Promised land
Yahweh: The personal name of God in the Hebrew Bible and one of the principal gods worshipped by the Israelites.
Old Testament: The first part of the Christian Bible, comprising the sacred scriptures of Judaism, including the Torah and other historical and prophetic writings
New Testament: The second part of the Christian Bible, containing the teachings and accounts of Jesus Christ and the early Christian Church.
Babylonian Captivity: The period in ancient Jewish history during which a number of Jews from the Kingdom of Judah were forcibly exiled to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II.
Bible: The sacred scripture of Christianity, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.
Talmud: The central text of Rabbinic Judaism, a collection of writings that interpret and expand upon the Torah.
Ten Commandments: A set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Synagogue: A Jewish house of worship and communal center for prayer, study, and assembly.
Sabbath: The seventh day of the week, observed as a day of rest and worship in Judaism and some Christian denominations.
Messiah: A savior or liberator, particularly in Jewish and Christian theology.
Synod: An assembly of ecclesiastical officials or representatives, especially within the Christian Church, to discuss and decide on church matters.
Episkopos: An overseer or bishop in the early Christian Church.
Diakonos: A deacon, an ordained minister in some Christian churches.
Presbyter: An elder or priest in some Christian denominations.
Apostle: A messenger or ambassador, especially one of the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach the gospel.
Persecution: Hostility and mistreatment directed towards individuals or groups, often because of their religious beliefs or ethnicity.
Trinity: The Christian doctrine of the unity of God in three persons: Father, Son (Jesus Christ), and Holy Spirit.
Heretics: Those who hold beliefs that are contrary to orthodox religious doctrine.
Huns, Vandals, Goths, Franks: Various tribes and peoples who played significant roles in the decline of the Western Roman Empire, often associated with the Migration Period.
Salic Laws: Laws regulating succession in the Frankish kingdoms, excluding females from inheritance.
Majordomos: High-ranking officials who served as stewards or administrators in the Frankish kingdoms.
Chancery: The office or department responsible for handling official correspondence and documents in medieval and early modern European governments.
Counties: Administrative divisions within medieval and early modern European territories, governed by counts.
Marks (őrgrófság): Border territories or marchlands in medieval Hungary.
Margrave: A military governor or ruler of a border territory or march.
Count / Comes: A nobleman or official appointed to oversee a county or administrative district.
Hijra: The migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Koran: The central religious text of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.
Ramadan: The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, observed by fasting from dawn to sunset as a period of reflection and spiritual growth.
Caliph: The political and religious leader of the Muslim community, regarded as the successor to Muhammad.