Divisions of the nervous system and neural pathways

• What kind of pathway is this?

  reverberating neural pathway

  
• The autonomic nervous system has an effect on the:

  • Sinoatrial node (SAN)
• the nervous system is divided into 2 main parts:

  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• the central nervous system is made up of the:

  • spinal cord
  • brain
• the peripheral nervous system is divided into the:

  • somatic nervous system (SNS)
  • autonomic nervous system (ANS)
• the SNS is made of sensory and motor neuron pathways which pass information to and from the CNS via electrical impulses
• through the somatic nervous system when a stimulus is detected by receptors in sense organs an impulse is carried along sensory neurons to the CNS
• examples of sense organs are:

  • eyes
  • ears
• the CNC processes the information passed from the SNS, motor neurons then transmit impulses to effectors, such as muscles (artery walls) and endocrine glands, these bring about a response
• the response muscles and endocrine glands may have after receiving impulses from the effector:

  • muscle contraction
  • hormone release
• in a pathways involved in temperature regulation, receptors could be:

  • internal (thermoreceptors)
  • external (skin)
• label the diagram:

  A) stimuli

  B) decreases temperature

  C) receptors

  D) nerve impulses

  E) sensory

  F) CNS

  G) nerve impulses

  H) motor

  I) effectors

  J) response

  K) muscle contraction

  L) vasoconstriction

  
• label the division of the nervous system and neural pathways:

  A) nervous system

  B) central

  C) peripheral

  D) brain

  E) spinal cord

  F) somatic

  G) autonomic

  H) linked to medulla

  I) sensory

  J) motor neurons

  K) parasympathetic

  L) sympathetic

  M) antagonistic

  
• what type of neural pathway is this:

  A) converging

  
• what type of neural pathway is this:

  A) diverging

  
• label the brain:

  A) cerebral cortex

  B) motor

  C) sensory

  D) cerebral cortex

  E) association areas

  F) corpus callosum

  G) medulla

  
• effect of parasympathetic nerves:

  • decreases heart rate
  • decreases breathing rate
  • increases peristalsis + intestinal secretions
• effect of sympathetic nerves:

  • increase heart rate
  • increase breathing rate
  • decreases peristalsis + intestinal secretions
• central cortex= responsible for consciousness, memory, language, and alters behaviour based on experience
• sensory areas= receives impulses from sense organs (skin)
• motor areas= sends impulses to effectors (muscles / glands)
• association areas= involved in language, processing, personality, imagination + intelligence
• localisation of function= different areas of the cortex are responsible for different functions
• when a person has no corpus callosum, they have a split brain syndrome
• information is transferred between hemispheres through the corpus callosum
• from one side of the body is processed in opposite hemisphere, each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body
• converging pathways:

  • impulses from several neurons travel to one
  • increased sensitivity
  • typically sensory neurons in eyes
• diverging:

  • impulses from one neuron travels to many
  • affect more than one destination at a time
  • typically motor neurons
  • fine motor control
• reverberating:

  • neurons later in the pathways link to earlier ones
  • repeated stimulation