L6+7

• A more or less coherent set of ideas that provides a basis for organized political action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify, or overthrow the [political status quo] (Heywood, 2013)​?

  Political Ideology
• Political Ideology offers?

  ACCOUNT OF THE EXISTING WORLD IN THE FORM OF A WORLD-VIEW​

  OFFER A MODEL OF A DESIRED FUTURE, VISION OF A GOOD SOCIETY​

  OUTLINE HOW POLITICAL CHANGE CAN AND SHOULD BE BROUGHT BE ABOUT​
• Ideology is the idea of the ruling class (Bourgeoisie) who aims to manipulate the consciousness of the marginalized sector (Proletarians) in preventing them to recognized  their own exploitation​?

  Marxist's Perspective
• She views ideology as an instrument of social control to ensure compliance & subordination (e.g. the Fascist dictator Hitler & the Communist  dictator Joseph Stalin)?

  Hannah Arendth
• Ideology distort political reality because they claim to explain the incomprehensibility of political activity​?

  Conservative's Perspective
• In Politics: "Men sails a boundless and bottomless sea."?

  Michael Oakeshott (Conservative's perspective on Ideology)​
• What are the components of the political spectrum?

  Anarchism, Liberalism, Conservatism, and Fascism
• FAR LEFT & FAR RIGHT IDEOLOGIES: ANARCHISM & FASCISM
• Extreme left ideology = Anarchism
• Political authority  in all its forms is both evil  & unnecessary?

  Anarachism
• • Anarchist prefers a stateless  society in which individuals manage their own affair​?

  Anarchism
• What are the two rival perspectives on Anarchism?

  INDIVIDUALIST ANARCHISM & COLLECTIVIST ANARCHISM​
• He believed that free & rational human beings would be able to manage their affairs peacefully, government is just a poison in this arrangement?

  William Godwin
• William Godwin is an individualistic anarchism
• • They stress the capacity of man for social solidarity which emerge from our essentially cooperative natures?

  Collectivist Anarchism​
• • Proudhon called this as Mutualism:     Groups trade goods with each other without exploitation and taking advantage on the either side of the party.
• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon is a collectivist anarchist
• What is the extreme right ideology?

  Fascism
• • Organically unified community: There is no room for individuality, only that of the community identity?

  Fascism
• • A member of community should be a New Man: submitting an unquestionable obedience to supreme leader, and loyalty to his/her race​?

  Fascism
• • Derived from an earlier political ideology, “absolutism”​?


  Fascism
• Extreme form of Statism: unquestioning respect and loyalty towards the  'totalitarian state'?


  Italian Fascism or Statism
• Aryanism: German people constitute a master race & destined for world domination?


  Nazism
• • Anti-Semitism: represent the Jews as inherently evil, & aimed at their annihilation​?


  Nazism
• Italian Fascism (Statism)​: Benito Mussolini​
• Nazism: Adolf Hitler
• What are the center left and center right ideology?

  Liberalism and conservatism
• Liberalism, [in its classical definition], believes that the power of the state should be limited & that certain freedom should be granted to the people by law (Sodaro, 2001). 
• What are the key ideas in Liberalism?

  Individualism, Liberty, Rationality, Equality, Progress, Consent, Toleration, and Constitutionalism
• Individualism - Belief in the supreme importance of human individualist as opposed to any social group.​
• Liberty: Each person is able to act as he or she pleases or choose. They advocate "freedom under the law".​
• Rationality - Individuals are the best judges of their own interests. ​
• Equality - Individuals are born equal at least in moral worth​
• Progress - Capacity of human to solve their differences through debate and argument ​
• Toleration - The willingness of people to allow others to think, speak  and act in ways of which they disapprove​
• Consent - Government must be based on the consent of the governed
• Constitutionalism - Limiting the authority of the gov't through checks & balances; & written constitution​
• Center right: Conservatism
• Father of Anglo-American conservatism who believed that wisdom reside largely in experience, tradition, & history. Government should only change a certain tradition & policy if it is only necessarily needed?

  Edmund Burke
• What are the key ideas in conservatism?

  Tradition, Pragmatism, Hierarchy, Authority