A: the national and regional context

• What was the situation with police forces outside London during this time?

  Home secretary had little control over them
• Which police force reported directly to the home secretary?

  The Metropolitan Police Force in London
• How did insufficient manpower affect the Metropolitan Police by 1885?

  Only 1,300 officers were available for duty
• What challenges did police constables face in the Metropolitan Police?

  Low pay and dangerous work conditions
• What could happen to a beat constable found away from his beat?

  He could be fined or dismissed
• When was the detective department added to the Metropolitan Police?

  In 1842
• What was the initial effectiveness of the detective department in the Metropolitan Police?

  It was tiny and ineffective
• Who was appointed to set up the Criminal Investigation Department in 1878?

  Howard Vincent
• What did the Ripper scandal reveal about the CID's investigation standards?

  Standards of investigation did not improve
• What was the role of the Home Secretary in relation to the police?

  Maintaining civil law and order
• What was the Home Secretary's responsibility regarding the Metropolitan Police?

  He oversaw the police and appointed the Commissioner
• Who was appointed as Metropolitan Police Commissioner in 1886?

  Sir Charles Warren
• Why was the appointment of Sir Charles Warren controversial?

  It contributed to the view of police as government enforcers
• What event is known as Bloody Sunday?

  Army called to control protestors in Trafalgar Square
• What was the outcome of the actions taken by Commissioner Warren on Bloody Sunday?

  There were a large number of casualties
• How did Warren's actions affect public perception of the police?

  It added to the feeling of class bias
• How was Commissioner Warren viewed by the public?

  He was regarded as a bully
• Why was Warren forced out of his job?

  Due to the police's failure to catch Jack the Ripper
• How did the reputation of the Metropolitan Police change by the mid-19th century?

  It improved; policemen were seen as reliable
• What was the perception of police in deprived areas like Whitechapel?

  They remained unpopular and could be attacked
• How did public protests affect the police's reputation?

  They were seen as upholders of unpopular decisions