C: tensions in whitechapel

• When did the Irish population expand rapidly in the East End?

  From the 1840s
• Why did many young Irish men come to London initially?

  They planned to move to America
• What jobs did Irish immigrants do in London?

  As navigators, navvies, or dockers
• What was the public perception of Irish immigrants in London?

  They were not well liked and faced violence
• Who led the fight for Irish freedom from UK rule in the late 19th century?

  The Catholic Fenians
• What event in December 1867 increased anti-Irish sentiment?

  A bomb attack on Clerkenwell Prison
• What was the role of Special Branch in relation to Irish terrorism?

  To counter Irish terrorism
• What event in 1881 led to a wave of pogroms against Jews?

  The assassination of Russian Tsar Alexander II
• By 1888, what percentage of Whitechapel was Jewish?

  95%
• Why were Jewish settlers resented by the local population?

  For their business success and lower wages
• How did the Jewish holy day affect their work opportunities?

  They worked on Sundays while locals did not
• What was a common consequence of rising tensions between immigrants and locals?

  Antisemitic attitudes and beatings of Jews
• What did imaginary sketches of Jack the Ripper depict?

  Stereotyped caricatures of Jews
• What was the outcome of the parliamentary committees formed to address tensions in the East End?

  They changed little
• What is anarchy?

  A movement opposing all forms of organized government
• What happened in Paris in 1871 related to anarchists?

  They briefly took control but failed
• Why did some Londoners fear Eastern European communities in the late 19th century?

  Due to fears of terrorism growth
• When did Special Branch begin monitoring Eastern European revolutionaries?

  In 1893
• What was the Social Democratic Federation (SDF)?

  The first socialist party in Britain
• What did the leaders of the SDF want to achieve?

  A revolution to overthrow capitalism
• What event did the SDF participate in that led to a massacre?

  The Trafalgar Square demonstration of 1887
• How did socialists view the police?

  As the public face of an uncaring government