Van ljzendoorn and Kroonenburg

• Van Ljzendoorn and Kroonenburg - Method

  Meta-analysis of 32 studies of strange situation for different cultures

  Analysed overall patterns
• Van Ljzendoorn and Kroonenburg - Findings

  Percentage of secure children similar across cultures

  More difference within countries than between them

  Difference in distribution of insecure attachment

  Common insecure attachment in the West was avoidant

  Japan had highest proportion of insecure-resistant children
• Van Ljzendoorn and Kroonenburg - Conclusions

  There are cross-cultural similarities in raising children with common reactions to strange situation
• Van Ljzendoorn and Kroonenburg - Evaluation

  • Children brought up differently across cultures
  • Strange situation might not be useful for some cultures
  • Different type of study could reveal different patterns
  • Assumes different countries are the same as different cultures