SCIENCE

• Volcanoes are formed when molten rock (magma) rises to the surface through cracks or fissures in Earth's crust.
• The three types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes.
• A volcanic eruption is the release of magma, ash, rock fragments, hot gases, and other materials from a volcano.
• The magma can be composed of different types of rocks, such as basaltic, andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic.
• Magma is made up of silicate minerals that melt at high temperatures.
• Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and erupt fluid lava that flows far from the vent.
• Composite volcanoes have steep sides and explosive eruptions with ash and pumice.
• Cinder cone volcanoes have small conical shapes and erupt thick lava fragments called cinders.
• There are two main types of volcanic eruptions: explosive and effusive.
• Effusive eruptions involve slow-moving lava flows that can cover large areas over time.
• Explosive eruptions occur when gas bubbles in lava expand rapidly due to pressure changes, causing an explosion that sends ash and debris into the air.
• Plate tectonics plays a role in the formation of volcanoes.
• Effusive eruptions involve slow-moving lava flows that spread out over the ground rather than being ejected into the atmosphere.
• Explosive eruptions occur when gas bubbles expand rapidly within the magma chamber, causing an explosion that sends ash and debris into the air.
• Composite volcanoes have steep sides and explosive eruptions with pyroclastic flow and lahars.
• Cinder cone volcanoes have small conical shapes and erupt viscous lava that forms spatter cones.
• Cinder cone volcanoes have small conical shapes and eject tephra (ash) during eruptions.
• Volcanoes form when molten rock or magma reaches the surface through fissures or vents.
• Explosive eruptions occur when gas bubbles expand rapidly within the magma chamber or conduit, causing an explosion.
• Explosive eruptions occur when gas bubbles expand rapidly, causing an explosion.
• Effusive eruptions involve slow-moving lava flowing out of the volcano's summit.
• Shield volcanoes are broad and flat with gentle slopes and effusive eruptions with lava flows.
• Cinder cones are small and steep with explosive eruptions and cinders as their main product.
• Shield volcanoes are broad and flat with gentle slopes and effusive eruptions.