HUMAN REP MIDTERM

• Gonads are the primary reproductive organs which produce the gametes (egg or ovum)
• Primary Sex Organs- Testes are the primary sex organs or gonads in males.
• Accessory sex organs in males are: 1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. Urethra
• Prostate Gland is an accessory sex organ that surrounds the neck of bladder and urethra; it secretes prostatic fluid into urethra during ejaculation
• Urethra is an accessory sex organ that carries sperm from penis to outside body
• Seminal Vesicle is an accessory sex organ that produces semen, it secretes alkaline fluid into urethra to neutralize acidic urine
• Testosterone causes pre-natal development of male genitalia and both sperm production and development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty
• The testes secrete testosterone which causes the male genitalia to develop.
• Glands these are very important to keep the sperm healthy. They produce the nutrients which keep the sperm alive. The mixture of fluid and sperm is called semen.
• Sperm ducts small tubes which carry sperm from the testes to the penis
• Urethra a tube which carries urine from the bladder out of the body or sperm from the sperm duct
• Penis carries the urine or semen out of the body. When a male is aroused the penis swells with blood and stiffens (erection). During this time the male can release sperm into the female during sex
• PENIS- MALE COPULATORY ORGAN
• PENIS.

  • COMPOSED OF ERECTILE TISSUES
  • WITH LOTS OF NERVE BRANCHES
• BECOMES ENGORGED WITH BLOOD AND ERECTS DURING STIMULATION
• FLACCID IS THE NORMAL STATE OF THE PENIS WHEN NOT ERECTED
• PENIS CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS

  • GLANS PENIS
  • FOUND AT THE TERMINAL END OF THE PENIS
• • COVERED BY A FREE FOLD OF SKIN CALLED THE PREPUCE
• CIRCUMCISION IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE PREPUCE
• • BODY (CORPUS)-FREE PENDULOUS PART OF THE PENIS
• CONTAINS THE 2 ERECTILE TISSUES

  • CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
  • CORPORA CAVERNOSA
• • CORPUS SPONGIOSUM (SURROUNDS THE URETHRA; PREVENTS THE URETHRA FROM BEING PINCHED CLOSED DURING ERECTION)
• • CORPORA CAVERNOSA (PAIRED ERECTILE TISSUES FORM MOST OF THE BODY OF THE PENIS BECAUSE THE CORPORA CAVERNOSA FILL THE MAJORITY OF BLOOD DURING ERECTION).
• • ROOT - THE ATTACHED PART OF THE PENIS CONSISTING OF THE BULB AND TWO CRURA
• • BULB OF THE PENIS – the dilated root of the corpus spongiosum
• • Crura of the penis – roots of the corpora cavernosa
• • SCROTUM
  • HIGHLY PIGMENTED SKIN UNDER THE PENIS
  • MUSCULAR SAC WHERE TESTES ARE LOCATED
  • LOCATION IS IMPORTANT IN SPERM PRODUCTION
  • DIFFERENT IN SIZE
  • TEMPERATURE ARE LOWER BY 3 DEGREES FROM THE BODY TEMPERATURE.
• The stitch line is called the scrotal raphe. It represents the fusion of left and right side of the scrotum during embryological development which were initially seperate structures
• Bulbourethral gland: Pea size gland at base of penis. Function to lubricate the urethra. In normal state, lots of acidic urine passes through. During sexual arousal, it secrete lubricating fluid which makes it more alkaline and lubricates the tube so that it gets ready for the seman (sperm + seminal fluid)
• Urethra- Provides for passage of semen & urine through the meatus
• Meatus - opening on the tip of the glans penis where sperm comes out
• Seminal Vesicle- adds nutrients including fructose sugar for respiration./ smooth muscle contract and it pours out all the seminal fluid into circulatory duct.
• Prostatic fluids aids the passage of sperm and helps keep them alive it also helps protect the sperm from the acidity of the vagina
•   Seminal fluid- provide nutrients to survive
•   Fructose-the sugar the sperm rely on for energy.
•   Citrate- for sperm energy
•   Prostate Specific Antigen- diagnostic test for enlargement of prostate gland that occurs in old man
•   Corpus Cavernosum- erectile tissue full of vascular space
•   Ejaculatory Ducts- two ducts that descend thru the prostate gland, ending in the prostatic
• Bulbourethral Glands- secrete mucus into urethra to lubricate it during ejaculation