Speech

• Attention grabber

  • Ways to grab the audience's attention: with a quote, joke, or big, bold statement
• Bond


  • Gaining rapport with the audience using inclusive pronouns or relatable anecdotes
• Figurative language

  • Using similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, etc. to make abstract ideas more concrete
• Hyperbole

  An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally
• The line “Our hearts are breaking for the families” is a hyperbole


  The senator is trying to convey sympathy for the families
• Parallelism


  • Repeated use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar in structure or meaning
• Destination


  • Where the speech is going and why the audience should continue to listen
• Emotive language or pathos


  • Words that appeal to the listeners' emotions rather than their logic
• Rhetorical questions


  • Questions put by the speaker to create a particular effect, not to draw an answer
• Balance

  • Rhythmically balanced phrases and sentences appealing to the ear
• The three effect


  • Three balanced phrases or strong, emotive words for dramatic impact
• ‘Crescendo’ effect

  • Using a sentence that rhythmically builds up to a dramatic climax
• Logos


  • Use of facts, data, or information to convince the audience
• Vocabulary, register and structure

  • Includes vocabulary, syntax, register, and speech structure
• Aural Skills


  • Skills related to speaking fluency, clarity, enunciation, modulation, expression, etc.
• Language, Vocabulary (while saying speech)

  • Includes eye-contact, facial expression, gestures, stance, body language, movement, variety, and range
• Soliloquy


  An actor narrating feelings/intentions for the audience to hear
• Monologue


  One person speaking to an audience or other characters