Any cue from a researcher or the research situation that pps may interpret as revealing the investigation purpose, causing the pp to alter their behaviour
‘The Please-U effect’ - when pps use clues to overperform to please the experimenter or just act as they think they should
‘The Screw-U effect’ - when pps use clues to underperform or sabotage the study
Investigator effects
Any unwanted influence from the researcher (conscious or unconscious) that may affect the research outcome.
