carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates?


  molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• Carbohydrates include starches and sugars
• The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is always 2:1
• Simplest carbohydrate molecule formula?

  C6 H12 O6
• They are 3 types of carbohydrates:

  • monosaccharides
  • disaccharides
  • polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides are simple sugars
• Monosaccharides have:

  • a sweet taste
  • soluble in water
• Formula of monosaccharides?


  C6 H12 O6
• Monosaccharides examples:

  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
• Disaccharides are double sugars
• Disaccharides have:

  • a sweet taste
  • soluble in water
• Formula of disaccharides?


  C6 H22 O11
• Disaccharides examples:

  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
• How are disaccharides formed?

  Formed by chemically joining 2 monosaccharides molecules together with the loss of water through condensation
• What is another term for condensation?


  dehydration synthesis
• glucose + glucose = maltose

  glucose + fructose = sucrose

  glucose + galactose = lactose
• Polysaccharides are complex sugars
• Polysaccharides have:

  • no sweet taste
  • insoluble in water
• Polysaccharides formula?

  (C6 H10 O5)n
• Polysaccharides examples:

  • starch
  • cellulose
  • glycogen
• How are polysaccharides formed?

  Formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides into a straight or branched chains