L4

• Patterns of Development in Writing
• Is the writer narrating?
• How many sentences are here in the essay?
• Answer: Five paragraphs
• Paragraph


  • The topic sentence tells the reader the main idea, or what the paragraph will be about
  • Supporting sentences give specific details relating to the main idea
  • The concluding sentence sums up the main idea of the paragraph
• No one likes to eat with a dirty knife, fork, or spoon. It’s important to completely wash all utensils before using them. Clean utensils won’t transmit germs and bacteria. They are also more pleasant to eat with.
• 8 Different Patterns of Paragraph Development

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Classification
  • Comparison and Contrast
  • Cause and effect
  • Problem-Solution
  • Persuasion
• Narration


  • It is a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order
• Narration

  • Narration tells a story or explains a sequence of events. It can be fiction or nonfiction
• Fiction Text

  • Novels
  • Fables
  • Screenplays
• Narration

  • Narration can be objective or subjective
  • Objective narration presents facts to create an accurate timeline of events
  • Subjective narration conveys the impression, feelings, insights, or point of view
• Objective Narration


  • The patient’s history written by a doctor
  • The details of a crime or the testimony of the eyewitness written by a police officer
• Subjective Narration


  • The personal essay written by a student about the details of his four-year pleasant experiences in the school
• Which is the objective narration? "Darren’s talent was not well-praised. Still, he was admired for his attire. Many believe he deserves an award." OR "Darren had the worst performance among all the contestants. Still, he was the best-dressed of the night. He should have gotten an award at least for that."
• TIP # 1: Guide your narrative by focusing on the most important thing you want the reader to know
• TIP # 2: Delete minor details that do not support your main point
• TIP # 3: To help the readers follow the series of action, transitional words and phrases should be used
• Description


  • A descriptive paragraph provides a vibrant experience for the reader through vivid language and descriptions of something
  • In order to provide this vivid detail, the writer must use language that appeals to the reader’s five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch
• Compare the Descriptions A and B
• Which one has more vivid language? Description 1: "I was so nervous in our exam. Even so, I tried to write any answer." OR Description 2: "Staring blankly at my exam, I tapped my pencil rapidly on s
• Types of vivid language

  • Description 1: "owers of the dogwood tree smelled sweet in the cool spring air as the wind whistled through its yellow-green leaves."
  • Description 2: "Staring blankly at my exam, I tapped my pencil rapidly on the side of my desk and desperately tried to focus. Gathering up some courage, I wrote an answer to the question."
• Sexism is harmful. It produces feelings of worthlessness, self-censorship, changes in behavior, and a deterioration in health. It affects women and girls disproportionately.
• The Council of Europe has decided to act by adopting a Recommendation to prevent and combat sexism.
• Pattern #3: Definition


  Defining is one of the strategies in writing. It is used in explaining unfamiliar terms. Definition explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is.
• Politics is defined by explaining what it is.
• Types of Definitions

  • Standard Definition: The meaning that rarely changes and is universally accepted. Example: Definition of a right angle. 2. Regulatory Definition: The meaning assigned by the organization. Example: Definition of ECQ. 3. Qualifying Definition: The meaning subject to interpretation. Example: Definition of criminal behavior. 4. Personal Definition: The meaning assigned by the writer himself. Example: Definition of love, success, and freedom. 5. Invented Definition: The meaning given to a newly coined word. Example: Definition of unfriended, vlogger, and hokage.
• Classification


  In a classification, you tell readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things, ideas) into categories.
• Pattern #4: Classification

  How to write a structured and organized classification paragraph: 1. Define what is to be classified or grouped. 2. Choose and state a single, useful basis or guiding principle for a classification. 3. Name all the examples according to a given basis, ensuring they are separate and distinct without overlapping.
• Pattern #5: Comparison & Contrast

  Comparison or Contrast: Contrast Paragraph
• Pattern #6: Cause and Effect

  Excerpt from the essay "The Overuse of Social Media: Causes and Consequences": Cause or Effect: Effect Paragraph
• Pattern #7: Problem-Solution

  Problem or Solution: Solution Paragraph
• Pattern #8: Persuasion

  Persuasion: Persuasive Paragraph