NS

• Nervous system - coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body.
• Central nervous system - consists of brain, spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system - network of nerves and neutral tissues branching out throughout the body
• Sensory output - gathering information
• Integration - process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed
• Motor output- response to integrated stimuli, response to activates muscles or glands
• Sensory (afferent) division- nerve fibers that carry information to the CNS
• Motor (efferent) division- carry impulses away from the CNS
• Somatic nervous system- voluntary
• Autonomic nervous system- involuntary
• Neurons- conduct impulses that enable the body to interact with its internal and external environments
• Neuroglia- tissues that supports the nerve cells
• Axon- transmits signals a long distance from the neuron to the area to be activated
• Myelin sheath- covers the axon; insulating fatty layers
• Dendrites- receives signals, short and unsheathed
• Cell body- part of a neuron that contains nucleus
• Fiber - part of a neuron that carries message next to neuron
• toward cell body=dendrites
• away from cell body=axon
• Multipolar neurons- many extensions from the cell body
• Bipolar neurons- one axon and one dendrite
• Unipolar neuron- have a short single process leaving the cell body
• Interneurons- intercept the impulses from the sensory neurons and transmit the signal to the motor neurons
• Nerve fibers- long, thin, and covered with a myelin sheath.
• Afferent nerves- conduct impulses to the CNS
• Efferent nerves- conduct impulses to the muscles, organs, and glands
• Synapses- branches whereas nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another
• Gray matter- consist of unsheathed nerve fiber
• White matter- internal structure, and consists of myelinated nerve fibers
• Meninges- membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
• Dura mater- outside membrane of meninges, tough, outer layer of brain
• Arachnoid- middle membrane of the meninges, contains blood vessels and nerves
• Pia mater- inside membrane, clings to the surface of the brain
• Cerebrospinal fluid- forms a watery cushion to protect the brain, circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord
• Regions of the brain: Cerebral hemisphere (cerebrum), Diencephalon, Brainstem, and Cerebellum
• Cerebral hemisphere- governs all sensory and motor activity. This includes sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements.
• gyrus- bulging folds
• sulcus- furrows
• Lobes of the Cerebrum: Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe
• Frontal lobe- responsible for voluntary movement, speech, and decision making