INFLUENCE OF EARLY ATTACHMENT

• WHAT STATES EARLY ATTACHMENT PROVIDES BLUEPRINT FOR LATER ATTACHMENTS?

  Bowlby's internal working model
• WHY DOES EARLY ATTACHMENT PROVIDE BLUEPRINT FOR LATER ATTACHMENTS?

  schema is formed
• MAIN TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS FORMED?

  peers, romantic, own children
• WHO CREATED AN ADULT ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW?

  Main
• WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE ADULT ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW?

  determine parent's mental representation of attachment
• MAIN CATEGORIES OF ATTACHMENT IN ADULTS?

  SECURE

  or

  INSECURE

  • dismissing
  • preoccupied
  • unresolved
• WHAT DO SECURE ADULTS APPEAR IN THE INTERVIEW?

  autonomous, freely provide coherent information even difficult attachments in clear and vivid ways
• WHAT DO INSECURE ADULTS APPEAR IN THE INTERVIEW?

  not autonomous
• WHAT DO INSECURE DISMISSING ADULTS APPEAR IN THE INTERVIEW?

  give brief information, make contradictions
• WHAT DO INSECURE PREOCCUPIED ADULTS APPEAR IN THE INTERVIEW?

  excessively long answers with irrelevant information
• WHAT DO INSECURE UNRESOLVED ADULTS APPEAR IN THE INTERVIEW?

  confused
• WHAT DO INSECURE AVOIDANT CHILDREN DO IN CHILDHOOD RELATIONSHIPS?

  victim of bullying
• WHO DID THE STUDY ON CHILDHOOD RELATIONSHIPS?

  Smiths
• WHAT ARE SECURE CHILDREN MORE LIKELY TO BE IN CHILDHOOD RELATIONSHIPS?

  rarely involved in bullying
• WHAT ARE INSECURE RESISTANT CHILDREN LIKELY TO BE IN CHILDHOOD RELATIONSHIPS?

  bully
• WHAT TYPE OF ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH ROMANTIC PARTNERS DO INSECURE AVOIDANT CHILDREN FORM?

  • fear of intimacy
  • discomfort of closeness
  • belief that one does not need to love to be happy
• WHAT TYPE OF ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH ROMANTIC PARTNERS DO INSECURE RESISTANT CHILDREN FORM?

  • obsessive
  • intense
  • emotional highs and lows
  • fear of abandonment
• WHAT TYPE OF ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH ROMANTIC PARTNERS DO SECURE CHILDREN FORM?

  • happy
  • friendly
  • trusting
  • loving
  • long-lasting
• WHO DID THE STUDY ON ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH ROMANTIC PARTNERS?

  Hazan and Shaver
• WHAT ARE INSECURE AVOIDANT CHILDRENS LIKELY TO BE IN ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR OWN CHILDREN?

  dismissing
• WHAT ARE INSECURE RESISTANT CHILDRENS LIKELY TO BE IN ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR OWN CHILDREN?

  preoccupied
• WHAT ARE SECURE CHILDRENS LIKELY TO BE IN ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH THEIR OWN CHILDREN?

  autonomous
• WHO DID THE STUDY ON ADULT RELATIONSHIPS WITH OWN CHILDREN?

  Bailey et al
• WHAT WAS THE SAMPLE OF SMITH'S STUDY?

  196 children (aged 7-11) from London
• PROCEDURE OF SMITH'S STUDY?

  questionnaire to measure attachment type and bullying involvement
• FINDINGS OF SMITH'S STUDY?

  • secure children -> less likely to be involved in bullying
  • insecure resistant children -> bully
  • insecure avoidant children -> victim of bullying
• SAMPLE OF HAZAN AND SHAVER'S STUDY?

  620 replies (ages 14-82)
• PROCEDURE OF HAZAN AND SHAVER'S STUDY?

  • Love Quiz with two components (measure of attachment type and love experience questionnaire)
  • classified responses to infant attachment types (Ainsworth)
  • looked for corresponding attachment types
• FINDINGS OF HAZAN AND SHAVER'S STUDY?

  • secure -> happy, trusting love experiences
  • insecure avoidant -> fear intimacy, believe they don't need love to be happy
  • insecure resistant -> obssesive, desire reciprocation
• SAMPLE OF BAILEY'S STUDY?

  99 mothers and their infant children
• PROCEDURE OF BAILEY'S STUDY?

  • adult attachment interview given to mothers (6 months old)
  • mother and infant observed at home (12 months old)
  • took part in strange situation at university
• FINDINGS OF BAILEY'S STUDY?

  positive correlation between mother's relationship with own parents and the behaviour her child showed her

  • autonomous adults -> secure children
  • dismissing adults -> avoidant children
  • preoccupied adults -> resistant children
• EVALUATION POINTS IN RELATION TO THESE STUDIES OF INFLUENCE OF EARLY ATTACHMENT?

  • validity
  • ethical issues
  • issue of determinism
  • real world application
• ISSUE OF (INTERNAL) VALIDITY?

  • people can lie/ be inaccurate on self-reports
  • in response to social desirability
  • relying on retrospective data
  • not have sufficient insight into own experiences to express accurately
• ETHICAL ISSUES?

  • distress caused in AAI and strange situation
• ISSUE OF DETERMINISM?

  • difficult to establish cause and effect between early attachment and adult relationships
  • many uncontrollable extraneous variables that impact adult behaviour (e.g. stress/ trauma)
  • moral debate (accountability for actions)
• REAL WORLD APPLICATION?

  • huge practical application for parenting and couples therapy