L 3.2

• Fecundity - Physical capability to reproduce
• Fertility - Actual production of an offspring
• Crude Birth Rate - Number of births in a year per thousand persons
• Total Fertility Rate - Number of children born to an average woman in population during her entire reproductive life
• Zero Population Growth (ZPG) - Births + immigration in a population is equal to the deaths + emigration
• In most tribal/traditional societies; food shortages, health problems, & cultural practices limit total fertility to 6-7 children
• Modernization caused Brazil's fertility rate to decline
• In an average Mexican family in 1975 had 7 children. By 2010, only 2-3 children.
• In Iran, fertility fell down from 6.5 in 1975 to 2.04 in 2010
• Crude Birth Rates / Grude Mortality Rate - expressed in the number of deaths per thousand people in a given year
• Healthcare and sanitation limition have mortaltity rates of 20 or more per 1000 people
• Wheareas wealthier countries have 10 per 1000 people mortality rate
• Rapidly developing countries have lower crude death rates than slowly developing countries
• Life Expectancy - average age that can be expected to attain in a given society
• Life Span - Oldest age to when a species is known to survive
• Jeanne Louise Calment - Oldest human to live 122 years old from Arles, France
• Life expectancy in most societies is 35-40 years old
• Average expectancy is higher from 40 to 67.2 years over the past 100 years
• The 20th century saw a global transformation in health unmatched in history
• Longer lives were due:

  • better nutrition
  • improved sanitation
  • clean water
  • education