hazardous earth

• what is a conservative plate boundary?

  two plates moving alongside eachother.

  in opposite or the same direction but at different rates.

  causes aa build up of friction.

  releases in violent earthquakes.
• what is a convergent plat boundary?

  two plates move towards each other and collide.

  the oceanic plate is heavier/denser so sinks beneath the continental plate.

  reaches the subduction zone where the plates melt and magma rises through the cracks.

  causes volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis.
• what happens at divergent plate boundaries?

  two plates move apart in opposite directions.

  magma from the mantle rises up and solidifies to form new crust.

  this causes gentle volcanoes.

  the movement of the plates over the mantle can cause earthquakes.
• how are tsunamis created at convergent plate boundaries?

  oceanic plate is heavier and sinks beneath the continential plate.

  pressure builds up as the plates get stuck causing friction.

  the pressure causes the continental plate to thrust upwards displacing the water above causing a tidal wave.
• explain how convection currents cause plate movement.

  convection currents are heated i the mantle.

  heat rises so they are pushed up to the crust.

  the convection currents are then forced sideways causing a pull on the tectonic pate above.

  causes the tectonic plate to move apart, closer together or slide past each other.

  the convection current cools down and sinks back down to the mantle.
• what is the Coriolis effect?

  the effect of the earths rotation on winds movements.
• what is the eye?

  an area of the cyclone with extremely low pressure and calm conditions.
• what is a geological hazard?

  a hazard caused by processes on the land.
• what is a hotspot?

  an area where unusually hot magma breaks through the middle of a plate and travels up to the surface, creating a volcano.
• what is an ice core?

  a cylinder of ice extracted from an ice sheet or glacier, this is used to analyse past enviormental conditions.
• what is precession?


  where two plate boundary's meet.
• what are the primary effects?

  the effects that are directly caused by the hazard itself.
• what is the Richter scale?

  a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
• what are secondary effects?

  the effects that are a result of the primary effects.
• what is a storm surge?

  a rise in sea level caused when a tropical cyclone pushes a large amount of sea water onto the shore.
• what is the subduction zone?

  a processes that occurs at a destructive plate boundary when a plate is pushed below another plate, forcing it to sink into the athenosphere.
• what is a tectonic hazard?

  A tectonic hazard is a natural event caused by the movement of Earth's tectonic plates, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or tsunamis.
• what is the greenhouse effect?

  a natural process where greenhouse gases trap the energy from the sun inside the earths atmosphere, warming the earths surface.
• what are tree rings?

  trees are sensitive to changes in temp, sunlight and preciptiation. indicates in which conditions in the year the tree grew.

  in warm years trees have wider rings.