AO1

• What did Adorno et al. believe about the Authoritarian Personality type?

  It forms in childhood due to harsh parenting
• What characterizes the parenting style that leads to the Authoritarian Personality?

  Strict discipline, high standards, and conditional love
• How do childhood experiences contribute to the Authoritarian Personality?

  They create resentment that is displaced onto others
• What is scapegoating in the context of the Authoritarian Personality?

  Displacing fears onto perceived weaker individuals
• What does the Authoritarian Personality instill in children regarding authority?

  Absolute respect and submissiveness to authority figures
• What was the focus of Adorno et al.'s research in 1950?

  Obedient personality in middle-class white Americans
• What measurement scale did Adorno et al. develop for their research?

  The potential-for-facism scale (F-scale)
• What did Adorno et al. find about individuals with authoritarian learnings?

  They identified with strong people and disdained the weak
• How did Adorno et al. describe the cognitive style of authoritarian individuals?

  They have fixed stereotypes with no fuzziness
• What correlation did Adorno et al. find in their research?

  A strong positive correlation between authoritarianism and prejudice
• What historical context did Adorno use to explain the authoritarian personality?

  Obedience during World War II by Nazis
• What are the two consequences of having an authoritarian personality according to Adorno?

  Unquestioning obedience and displaced frustration
• What does agency theory overlook in the context of obedience?

  Personal characteristics that influence obedience
• What does the F-scale measure?

  Authoritarian personality traits
• What did researchers find about Nazi war criminals and the F-scale?

  Many scored highly on the F-scale
• What is a limitation of Adorno's authoritarian personality theory?

  Not all obedient individuals have an authoritarian personality
• What was Milgram's aim in his obedience study?

  To test if individuals could disobey moral codes
• How did Milgram recruit participants for his study?

  Through a newspaper advertisement
• What role did Mr. Wallace play in Milgram's experiment?

  He acted as the learner and received shocks
• What was the maximum shock level in Milgram's experiment?

  450 volts
• How did participants react as shock levels increased in Milgram's study?

  They showed signs of distress and discomfort
• What did Milgram's findings suggest about obedience?

  Anyone is capable of destructive obedience
• What did Milgram's study support regarding explanations of obedience?

  It supported situational explanations of obedience