Toba, Pinatubo, Lake Nyos

• Toba had a VEI of 8, and had long term impacts of reductions in temp, as the volcanic winter caused by so2 lasted 10 years.
• Mount Pinatubo erupted 600 years ago and so2 increased 10x and had lahars and pyroclasdtic flow but caused 0 deaths.
• Lake Nyos is a caldera filled with water, and an earthquake caused co2 from the base of the lake to rise, and due to its weight moved down the hill, causin 1700 deaths, the release of 1bn m3 of co2 in 1 hours, and 3000 cattle to die