KT3 Society and Exploration

• What was the fee required to buy land called?

  Entry Fee
• Was sheep farming more or less profitable than crop farming?

  More profitable
• Why was common land turned into enclosures?

  To prevent livestock from wandering
• Why did enclosure increase poverty?

  It fenced off common land and made it available to only wealthy people
• Which workers lost their jobs as a result of enclosure?

  Farmhands
• Rent prices increased due to enclosure as more people moved to towns
• Which years had bad harvests?

  • 1562
  • 1565
  • 1573
  • 1586
• When was the debasing of the coinage?

  1540
• What was the debasing of the coinage?

  Reducing the amount of precious metal in coins, therefore decreasing their value
• What happened to prices as a result of the debasing of the coinage?

  Prices increased
• Which 2 groups were the poor split into?

  The Deserving and Undeserving Poor
• What was the poor rate?

  A tax collected by JPs used to support the deserving poor
• When was the Statute of Artificers?

  1563
• What was entailed within the Statute of Artificers?

  • Officials who failed to collect the poor rate could be fined or imprisoned
  • Citizens who refused to pay the poor rate could be fined or imprisoned
• When was the Poor Relief Act?

  1576
• What was entailed within the Poor Relief Act?

  • Able-bodied poor would be given tools and materials to make and sell things
  • Towns were responsible for finding work for able-bodied poor
  • Able-bodied poor who refused to work would be sent to a house of correction
• How were Houses of Correction funded?

  Using the poor rate
• When was the Vagabonds Act?

  1572
• What was entailed within the Vagabonds Act?

  • Vagabonds over 14 could be whipped or burned
  • Second offenders could be imprisoned
  • Further offenders could be executed
  • JPs must keep a register of the local poor
• Who wrote a pamphlet on 4 types of vagabonds?

  Thomas Harman
• What was the population in England in 1551?

  3 million
• What was the population in England in 1601?

  4.2 million
• Why did merchants raise prices after the debasement of the coinage?

  They didn’t trust the value of the new currency so charged more
• How much of England's population lived and worked in the countryside?

  90 %
• What were poor children taught?

  Boys were taught simple work skills while girls were taught household chores. They all attended Sunday school
• How old were children when they were first sent to Sunday School?

  6
• What were children taught at Sunday school?

  They were taught to recite the Lord's Prayer and the ten Commandments
• Was school attendance optional in Elizabethan England?

  Yes
• How did noble families educate their children?

  Using private tutors
• Who set an example for girls of nobility?

  Elizabeth as she was highly educated
• What were noble children taught?

  Courtly skills and subjects like classical languages, philosophy and theology
• What was the other part of noble children's education?

  They were sent to another noble household to learn the skills and expectation of their social standing
• What were petty schools?

  Schools which taught children from wealthier families
• What was the equivalent for petty school for girls?

  Dame schools
• What age did Petty schools teach children from?

  Age 10
• What did Petty schools teach?

  Basic reading, writing and arithmetic as well as the Christian faith
• Were children able to progress from petty schools to grammar schools?

  Yes
• How many new grammar schools were established between 1560 and 1580?

  70
• What were grammar schools?

  Privately funded schools not aligned with the church that taught wealthy boys from merchant, artisan or yeomen families
• Where were petty schools held?

  Inside teachers' houses