LitStuds - Midterms Reviewer

• Literature


  Any collection of oral or written work that depicts and reflects the life experiences and artistic expression of humans from various contexts/cultures
• Types of Literature


  • Poetry
  • Fiction
  • Non-Fiction
  • Drama
• Poetry


  • Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm
• Fiction


  • A literary genre that encompasses imaginative storytelling
• Non-Fiction


  • Refers to factual stories about real people, places, and events
• Drama


  • A written work that tells a story through action and speech and is meant to be acted on a stage
• Types of Drama


  • Melodrama
  • Tragedy
  • Historical
  • Comedy
  • Drama of the Absurd
• Elements of Drama


  • Plot
  • Character (Actors)
  • Dialogue
  • Staging
  • Theme
• Elements of Fiction


  • Setting
  • Character
  • Conflict
  • Theme
  • Point of View
  • Plot
• Character Types


  • Flat
  • Confidante
  • Dynamic
  • Static
  • Round
  • Foil
  • Stock Character
• Conflict Types


  • Man Vs. Man
  • Man vs Himself
  • Man vs. Nature
• Elements of Poetry


  • Diction
  • Symbolism
  • Voice
• Plot


  1. Exposition or introduction

  2. Rising Action

  3. Climax

  4. Falling Action

  5. Denouement

  6. Anti Climax
• Conflict


  The problem or dilemma
• Elements of Poetry


  • Diction: Refers to the linguistic choices a writer makes to effectively convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story
  • Symbolism: The use of objects to stand or represent a person, thing, or idea
  • Voice: The unique style and tone of a writer. It includes the author's personality, attitude, and the way they express ideas
  • Imagery: Refers to the use of descriptive language that appeals to the senses (Visual, Auditory, Gustatory, Olfactory, Tactile)
  • Figures of Speech: A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create a particular effect, often to make language more vivid, imaginative, or expressive
  • Syntax: The order of the word in a sentence, phrase, or clause
• Famous Authors

  • Edgar Allan Poe: Annabel Lee, Berenice, Lenore, Ligeia, Metzengerstein, The Black Cat, The Cask of Amontillado, The City in the Sea, The Conqueror Worm, The Fall of the House Usher, The Imp of the Perverse, The LightHouse, The Masque of Red Death, The Murders in Rue Morgue Eldorado, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Nym of Nantucket, The Pit and the Pendulum, The Raven, The Tell-Tale Heart
  • Maya Angelou: A Brave And Startling Truth, And I still rise, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, I Shall Not Be Moved, Mother: A Cradle to Hold Me, Now Sheba Sings The Song, Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well, On the Pulse of Morning, Phenomenal Woman, Shaker, Why Don’t You Sing?
  • Mary Shelley: Falkner, Frankenstein, History of a Six Weeks' Tour, Lodore, Mathilda, Rambles in Germany and Italy, The Dream, The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, The Invisible Girl, The Mortal Immortal, The Phantom of the Opera, Valperga
  • Emily Dickinson: “Hope” is the thing with feathers, A Bird came down the Walk, A Narrow Fellow In The Grass, Because I could not stop for death, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain, I heard a fly buzz when I died, I like to see it lap the Miles, I taste a liquor never brewed, I’m Nobody, who are you?, It was not Death, for I stood up, There is a pain — so utter —, There's a certain Slant of light
  • Jane Austen: Darcy and Elizabeth, Emma, Mansfield Park, Northanger Abbey, Persuasion, Pride and Prejudice, Sanditon and The Watsons: Austen's Unfinished Novels, Sense and Sensibility
  • William Shakespeare: A Midsummer Night's Dream: Instructor's Manual, All’s Well that Ends Well, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, Cymbeline, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, King Lear, Macbeth, Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, The Tempest, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Winter’s Tale
  • J.R.R. Tolkien: Beren and Lúthien, Errantry, Farmer Giles of Ham, Finn and Hengest, Goblin Feet, Hobbits Journal, Leaf by Niggle, Mr. Bliss, On Fairy-Stories, Quenta Silmarillion, Roverandom Ainulindalë, Sauron Defeated, Smith of Wootton Major, Tales from the Perilous Realm, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book, The Battle of Maldon: Together with the Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, The Book of Lost Tales, The Children of Húrin The Two Towers, The Fall of Arthur, The Fall of Gondolin, The Fall of Númenor, The Father Christmas Letters, The Fellowship of the Ring, The History of the Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, or There and Back Again, The Lays of Beleriand, The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún, The Lord of the Rings, The Lost Road and Other Writings, The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays, The Nature of Middle-earth, The Peoples of Middle-earth, The Return of the King, The Return of the Shadow, The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle
• Books by J.R.R. Tolkien


  • The Lays of Beleriand
  • The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún
  • The Lord of the Rings
  • The Lost Road and Other Writings
  • The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
  • The Nature of Middle-earth
  • The Peoples of Middle-earth
  • The Return of the King
  • The Return of the Shadow
  • The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle
  • The Sea-Bell
  • The Shaping of Middle-earth
  • The Silmarillion
  • The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
  • The War of the Jewels
  • The War of the Ring
  • Tolkien on Fairy-stories The New Shadow
  • Tree and Leaf: Including Mythopoeia
  • Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth
• Poems by Lord Byron


  • Beppo
  • Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Darkness
  • Don Juan
  • English Bards and Scotch Reviewers
  • Epitaph to a Dog
  • Fare Thee Well
  • Hebrew Melodies
  • Hours of Idleness
  • Irish Avatar
  • Lara, A Tale
  • Maid of Athens, ere we part
  • Manfred
  • Mazeppa
  • She Walks in Beauty
  • So, we'll go no more a roving
  • The Bride of Abydos
  • The Corsair
  • The Destruction of Sennacherib
  • The Dream Parisina
  • The First Kiss of Love
  • The Giaour
  • The Prisoner of Chillon
  • The Prophecy of Dante
  • The Siege of Corinth
  • The Vision of Judgment
• Poems by John Keats

  • Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art
  • Endymion
  • Hyperion
  • Isabella, or the Pot of Basil
  • John Keats's 1819 odes
  • La Belle Dame sans Merci
  • Lamia
  • Ode on a Grecian Urn
  • Ode on Indolence
  • Ode on Melancholy
  • Ode to a Nightingale
  • Ode to Psyche
  • On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
  • Sleep and Poetry
  • The Eve of Saint Mark
  • The Eve of St. Agnes
  • The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream
  • To Autumn
  • To Sleep
  • When I Have Fears
  • You say you love; but with a voice
• Books by Suzanne Collins


  • Catching Fire
  • Fireproof
  • Gregor and the Code of Claw
  • Gregor and the Curse of the Warmbloods
  • Gregor and the Marks of Secret
  • Gregor and the Prophecy of Bane
  • Gregor the Overlander
  • Mockingjay
  • The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
  • The Hunger Games
  • The Hunger Games Trilogy Boxed Set
  • Voices from the Past: Oral Histories of a Maine Fishing Village
  • When Charlie McButton lost power
  • Year of the Jungle
  • K-12 Competencies
• Grade-wise Literature Topics


  • Grade 1 to 3: Describe literary elements of text including characters, plot, and setting
  • Grade 1 to 3: Describe characters within a literary selection
  • Grade 1 to 3: Make simple inferences about thoughts and feelings and reasons for actions
  • Grade 1 to 3: Identify key themes and discuss reasons for events
  • Grade 7-10: Identify dominant literary devices and figures of speech
  • Grade 7-10: Use specific cohesive and literary devices to construct basic literary and expository written discourse
  • Grade 7-10: Ascertain the features of the reading selection that clarify its adherence to or dismissal of a particular tradition of literary production
  • Grade 7-10: Organize an independent and systematic approach to critiquing a reading selection
  • Grade 7: Philippine Lit
  • Grade 8: Afro-Asian Lit
  • Grade 9: Anglo-Saxon Lit
  • Grade 10: World Lit
  • Grade 11: 21st Century/Creative Non-Fiction
  • Grade 12: Contemporary Lit/Creative Writing
• Teaching Literature Frameworks


  • Literary Criticism Theories - gives the learners different theories with which to view or critique literary text
  • Genres, Branches, and Authors - Literature can be divided and subdivided into branches and genre and then teach them according to the divisions
  • Cultural and Historical Context - Literary context is essential in studying literature because it describes the relevance of the text to the models, attitudes, conditions, and acceptable norms which existed in a particular person, period, society, group, religion, gender, or technology
  • Models and Approaches of Teaching Literature - can be employed
• Literary context


  Essential in studying literature because it describes the relevance of the text to the models, attitudes, conditions, and acceptable norms which existed in a particular person, period, society, group, religion, gender, or technology
• Models and Approaches of Teaching Literature


  Can be employed by teachers when teaching literary text
• Comprehension levels in reading literature

  Guides the teachers to extract comprehension from the learners according to the analysis of multi-level questions from easy to complex
• Importance of Literature in Language Teaching

  To develop the communicative competence of the learners (as stated in the K-12 basic education curriculum)
• Communicative Competence


  Refers to the ability to effectively and appropriately use language in various social contexts to achieve communication goals
• Components of Communicative Competence

  • Linguistic competence
  • Sociolinguistics competence
  • Discourse competence
  • Strategic competence
  • Fluency
  • Interactional Competence