Hitler’s Rise to power 1919-33

• When did Hitler join?

  Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919 which was created by Drexler
• What was Hitler’s early political career?

  • Hitler became second in command of the DAP in 1920
  • Changed the name of DAP to NSDAP or Nazi Party
  • Hitler took control in July 1921
  • Gave the party a new flag and private army to protect it
• What was the 25 Point Programme?

  Written by Drexler and Hitler in 1920 with the aim to:

  • Increase pensions for elderly
  • Nationalise industries
  • Get rid of Treaty of Versailles
  • Build up Germany’s armed forces
  • Only German races members of the nation
  • All citizens equal rights and duties
  • Expand Germany across new territory to feed people and settle surplus population (Lebensraum)
  • Protect mothers and infants
  • Laws for compulsory sports
  • Every hard-working a german has chance of higher education
• Who did the 25 Point programme oppose?

  • Weimar Politicians who agreed with Treaty of Versailles
  • Weak democracy
  • Jews who undermined German economy
• Who were the SA?

  Sturmabteilung (Stormtroopers) were the paramilitary force of the Nazi Party made up of unemployed ex-soldiers
• What did the SA do?

  They were formed by Hitler in August 1921 and under the command of Ernst Rohm to enforce Nazi party policies, disrupt opposition meetings, control crowds and engaged in street violence.
• What was the Munich Putsch?

  Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the Weimar Government in November 1923
• What were the Short term reasons for the Munich Putsch?

  • Hyperinflation
  • French troops entered Ruhr in 1923 and took over German businesses
  • Thought he had support as people were fed up of their situation
• Why did Hitler carry out the Munich Putsch?

  • He was influenced by Mussolini and the Italian fascist who successfully marched rome and forced the democratic government to accept him as leader
  • He thought he had the support from Ludendorff who was a respected war hero
• What were the long term reasons for the Munich Putsch?

  • Loss of Germany's colonies
  • Stab in the back theory
  • Reparations
  • Resentment of Weimar Government and especially Bavarian government
• What were the events of the Munich Putsch?

  1. 8th November 1923 Hitler and 600 SA entered beer hall in Munich where Bavarian government meeting and held them at gunpoint to support him
  2. Rohm took over local police and army headquarters, Ludendorff ket government leaders go behind Hitler's back.
  3. 9 November 1923 Hitler gathered with 1000 WSA and 2000 Volunteer supporters to march Munich and was met with state police, someone started fire so there was chaos
  4. Rohm, Ludendorff and Streicher arrested
  5. 11 November 1923 Hitler found hiding at a friend's house and was arrested
• What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch

  • Hitler went to prison
  • NSDAP banned
  • Hitler used his trial to publicise views
  • Wrote Mein Kampf which became bestseller and outlined his political ideas
  • Made Hitler rethink tactics and organisation (leading to Bamberg Conference)
• Why did the Munich Putsch fail?

  • Ludendorff released Von har and Von Seisser who called the authorities
  • Only 1,000 SA and 2,000 volunteers, 2000 rifles
  • Local population didn't join
  • Army and force stayed loyal to Weimar Republic as they were ready waiting and opened fire to kill 16 Nazis
• What was the Bamberg Conference?

  In 1926, Hitler organised this conference to address splits between socialist and nationalist wings of Nazi movement. Hitler's power as leader was secured and his vision of Nazism
• Why was there a lack of support for the NSDAP during the 'lean years'?

  • Stresemann's economic policies caused higher living standards so more support for the republic
  • Foreign Policies made Germany's international position improve
  • Hidenburg elected President who was popular with middle class and kaiser hero
  • No immediate success after Nazi Party reorganisation
• Why was there growth in support for NSDAP?

  • Benefitted from Weimar's weaknesses and economic problems (Wall Street Crash)
  • Hitler's individual appeal
  • Propaganda Techniques
• What was the Wall Street Crash?

  In October 1929, US companies lost billions of dollars in balue overnight and resulted in the 'Great Depression'.
• How did the Wall Street Crash affect Germany?

  • US stopped lending money to Germany and demanded all loans repaid
  • German businesses received no more investment from the S and had to pay increased taxes to Government
  • Millions of workers and farm labourers lost their jobs
  • Benefits slashed with no work so families suffered terrible poverty
  • Government refused to print more money, cuts in unemployment benefit
• What made Hitler appealing?

  • He was a strong leader
  • His image apperared on most publicity material
  • He was a notoriously brilliant orator that travelled around the country giving speeches
  • Nazi Party adopted modern technology
• How did Hitler use propaganda?

  • Goebbels minister of propaganda used mass rallies, newspapers and posters in popularised areas which spread Nazi messages
  • Hitler persuaded business people to solve economic crisis
  • Promised working class people 'work and bread'
  • Promised to protect middle-class from communism
  • Nazis best party to save families
  • Young people to join him by providing something exciting to be part of
• Who was Paul von Hindenburg?

  The hero of the First World War and President of the Weimar Republic
• Who was Heinrich Bruning?

  The Chancellor
• Who was Genral Franz von Papen?

  The politician and friend of Hindenburg
• Who was Kurt von Schleicher?

  The army general
• How did Hitler become Chancellor?

  • Political developments in 1932
  • The roles of Hindenburg, Bruning, Von Papen and Von Schleicher.
  • Taking advantage of the Reichstag Fire
• April 1932 Hitler's rise to power

  • Hindenburg stands for re-election as President
  • Chancellor Bruning bans the SA
  • No singular party has 50% of the vote
• May 1932 Hitler's rise to power

  • Hindenburg re-elected
  • Hitler increases his share of the vote
  • Bruning plan to buy land from landowners to house unemployed is opposed by Hindenburg so he resigns
  • Replaced by Von Papen who is put forward by Von Schleicher
  • Von Schleicher planning a coalition between right-wing supporters and Nazis
  • Hitler agrees to coalition if ban on SA removed
  • Coalition takes power
• July 1932 Hitler's rise to power

  • Further elections take place
  • Widespread fighting between communists and Nazis
  • Nazi share of votes increase from 18% to 38%
  • Hitler demands to be made Chancellor but Hindenburg refuses
• November 1932 Hitler's rise to power

  • Further election
  • Von Schleicher warns Hindenburg if Von Papen stays Chancellor there will be civil war so Von Papen no longer Chancellor
• December 1932 Hitler's rise to power

  • Von Schleichler becomes Chancellor
• January 1933 Hitler's rise to power

  • Von Schleichler doesn't have support of the Public or Nazis
  • Persuades Hindenbrug he could be head of military dictatorship but Hindenburg refuses
  • Von Papen persuades Hidenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor to avoid Von Schleicher's military dictatorship
  • Hindenburg as no more choice so Hitler becomes Chancellor and Von Papen vice-chancellor to check on him