DDS UNO (POGI SI SIR JAMES)

• Pyroxylin


  A product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acids on cotton and consists chiefly of cellulose tetranitrate
• Synonyms for Pyroxylin


  • Cellulose Nitrate
  • Soluble Gun Cotton
  • Nitrocellulose
• Pyroxylin


  • Pharmaceutical Necessity for Collodion
• Collodion


  A solution of nitrocellulose mixed with alcohol and ether
• Flexible Collodion


  A form of collodion that is created by the addition of camphor and castor oil to result in increase flexibility
• Salicylic Acid Collodion


  When salicylic acid is added to collodion. This helps in breaking down keratin due to the salicylic acid being a keratolytic agent.
• Uses of Collodion


  • Photography as an alternative to albumen on glass plates
  • Compound with Wart Remover
  • Gluing electrodes to the head for electroencephalography
  • Stabilizing agent for nitroglycerine
  • Salicylic Acid in Collodion Liquid
• Uses of Flexible Collodion

  • Applied topically
  • Put on the glass slide
  • Applied topically
  • Applied to the skin
• Advantages of Collodion


  • Faster drying time
  • Firmer
  • Less price-y because requires less components to make
• Disadvantages of Collodion


  • Less flexibility
  • Prone to cracking or peeling when applied to the areas of the body
  • Higher risk of skin irritation
• Higher salicylic acid content can enhance the effectiveness of the preparation, but since we'll be working on with an acid, this can cause the skin to be prone to drying and cause higher sensitivity to sunlight which can cause the skin to have higher risk of sun damage.
• The solution is to limit the percentage of salicylic acid on the preparation by standards safe for use which is typically 5-27% for warts and plantar warts; 12-27% for corns and calluses.
• Addition of hyaluronic acid is also a probable solution, as hyaluronic acid acts as a biologic humectant that helps retain water and moisture in the skin.
• Pyroxylin


  Film-forming agent
• Ether


  Solvent, contributes to volatility which makes it fast-drying
• Alcohol


  Solvent, preservative, regulate the viscosity
• To make 10mL Collodion

  1. Pyroxylin - 0.4g

  2. Ether - 7.5mL

  3. Alcohol - 2mL
• Camphor


  Plasticizer (makes it more flexible and less brittle), provides cooling sensation that relieves itching and minor discomfort
• Castor Oil


  Enhances flexibility and plasticity, emollient (help soothe and moisturize skin), solvent
• Collodion


  Film-forming agent because of pyroxylin content
• To make 10mL Flexible Collodion

  1. Camphor - 0.2g

  2. Castor Oil - 0.3g

  3. Collodion - 10g
• Basic Procedure for Collodion

  1. Add the alcohol and the ether to the pyroxylin in a suitable container and insert stopper

  2. Shake the mixture until pyroxylin is dissolved
• Basic Procedure for Flexible Collodion

  1. Weight the ingredients, put in a dry tared bottle, insert stopper in the bottle

  2. Shake the mixture until camphor is dissolved
• Before Starting Work with Ether: Review manufacturer's Safety Data Sheet, Familiarize yourself with the general university emergency procedures, Identify the location of the nearest eyewash and shower and verify that they are accessible
• During Work with Ether: Perform all operations in chemical certified fume hood, wet bench or other approved ventilated area, Avoid contact with the ether, Wear proper PPE, Wash hands thoroughly each time gloves are removed, Keep all containers tightly closed when not in use
• After completing the experiment with Ether: Dispose hazard waste properly in the right bin, Make sure containers are sealed properly, Wash hands before leaving the laboratory
• Acceptance Criteria/Theoretical Results for Collodion

  • Appearance: Clear with colorless to yellow-ish tint
  • Identification: When exposed to air in a thin layer, it leaves a transparent, tenacious film which exhibits a distinct odor of camphor, The film of pyroxylin burns rapidly with yellow flame, When mixed with equal volume of water, it yields a viscid, stringy mass of pyroxylin
  • Acidity: not acid to litmus
  • Pourability: easily poured
  • Alcohol content: 22% - 26%
• Acceptance Criteria/Theoretical Results for Flexible Collodion

  • Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow syrupy liquid
  • Odor: strong ether odor
  • Identification: When exposed to air in a thin layer, it leaves a transparent, tenacious film which exhibits a distinct odor of camphor, The film of pyroxylin burns rapidly with yellow flame, When mixed with equal volume of water, it yields a viscid, stringy mass of pyroxylin
  • Alcohol content: 21% - 25%
• Packaging: Preserve in tight containers (amber bottles), at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees, remote from fire
• Labeling


  • Highly Flammable
  • Product name
  • Indication
  • Storage recommendations
  • Precaution Label (if applicable)
• Storage Requirements: Store in a clean, dry, and well-ventilated place not exceeding a temperature of 30 degrees, Keep away from direct sunlight
• Basic Emulsion


  Dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle which is immiscible
• Immiscible


  Incapable of mixing or attaining homogeneity
• Types of Emulsions


  • Oil-in-Water
  • Water-in-Oil
  • Multiple Emulsion
  • Microemulsion
• Surfactant HLB Value


  < 3: Surface Films, 3 - 6: Water-in-Oil Emulsifiers, 7 - 9: Wetting agent, 8 - 15: Oil-in-water emulsifiers, 13 - 15: Detergents, 15-18: Solubilizes
• Examples of Surfactants


  • Sorbitan laurate (Span 20)
  • Sorbitan palmitate (Span 40)
  • Sorbitan stearate (Span 60)
  • Sorbitan oleate (Span 80)
  • Sorbitan trioleate (Span 85)
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate (Tween 20)
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan palmitate (Tween 40)
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan stearate (Tween 60)
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate (Tween 80)
• Mineral Oil Emulsion


  Mix the mineral oil with the Powdered Acacia in a dry mortar, add 250 mL of Purified Water all at once, and emulsify the mixture. Then add, in divided portions, triturating after each addition, a mixture of the syrup, 50 mL of Purified Water, and the Vanillin dissolved in the alcohol. Finally, add the Purified Water to make the product measure 1,000 mL and mix
• Span 80


  Emulgator (W/O)
• Tween 80


  Emulgator (O/W)
• Suspension


  A heterogeneous dispersion of larger particles within a medium. Unlike solutions and colloids, when left undisturbed for an extended period, the suspended particles will separate and settle out of the mixture