morality

• Ralph: “That was murder.”


  • ralph is the only one that aknowledges what they did, piggy tries to downplay it "we was on the outside"
  • signals loss of innocence: ralph recognises evil within mankind
  • blunt declaratives shows weight of realisation
  • Diction (“murder”): powerful word shows intent + guilt
• "The Chief was sitting there... The newly beaten and untied Wilfred was sniffling.”

  • "cheif" shows jack holds power, he is a dictator no morality
  • Euphemistic tone: “newly beaten and untied” is stated plainly—suggesting violence has become routine.
  • Third-person detachment: Emphasises how morality has faded—no one intervenes or questions it.
• “Desperately, Ralph prayed that the beast would prefer littluns.” 


  • adverb "desperately" shows how morality crumbles under fear
  • Irony: Ralph prays (a moral or spiritual act) for something immoral, showing moral confusion.
  • Earlier in the novel, Ralph is protective of the littluns (e.g., building shelters).